Rig Veda 1.3.5 — Mandala 1, Sukta 3, Mantra 5

Sukta 1.3

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.11; RV 1.3 likewise in this cycle)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; standard for early Indra-invocations in this section)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इन्द्रा याहि धियेषितो विप्रजूतः सुतावतः । उप ब्रह्माणि वाघतः ॥

Transliteration

índrā́ yā́hi dhiyéṣitó víprajūtaḥ sutā́vataḥ | úpa bráhmāṇi vā́ghataḥ ||

Translation

インドラよ、来たれ――照らす思惟に駆られ、リシ（聖見者）の霊感に促されて――ソーマを搾る者のもとへ。願求する者とそのブラフマン（brahman：聖なる言葉・讃歌）に近づき、真実の力がわれらに入り、われらのうちに働かんことを。

Word by Word

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन (addressed deity)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: hither, towards (us)
• आ: क्रियाविशेषण (directional: ‘hither’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• याहि: come!
• याहि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)

• धियेषितः: impelled by (our) thought/prayer
• धियेषितः: कर्तृविशेषण (Indra qualified as ‘impelled by…’)
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle used adjectivally)
• Root: धि (प्रातिपदिक) + इष् (धातु) → इषित (कृदन्त)

• विप्रजूतः: urged on by the seers/poets
• विप्रजूतः: कर्तृविशेषण
• Type: Adjective (PPP used adjectivally)
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक) + जू (धातु) → जूत (कृदन्त)

• सुतावतः: of the Soma-pressing (worshipper), of the one with pressed Soma
• सुतावतः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of/at the one with Soma’)
• Type: Adjective (possessive)
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक; ‘pressed Soma’) + वत् (मतुप्/वतुप्-प्रत्यय)

• उप: near, towards
• उप: क्रियाविशेषण (directional: ‘near/to’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• ब्रह्माणि: sacred formulations, hymns
• ब्रह्माणि: कर्म (object of implied motion/approach) / लक्ष्य
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाघतः: of the singer/offerer
• वाघतः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the singer/offerer’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाघत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘singer/offerer’)