Shloka 18

सप्तनवतितमः सर्गः (Yuddha Kāṇḍa 97): Sugrīva’s Onslaught and the Fall of Virūpākṣa

Devanagari script

ततःपादपमुद्धृत्यशूरस्सम्प्रधनोहरिः ।अभिपत्यजघानास्यप्रमुखेतुमहागजम् ।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ pādapam uddhṛtya śūraḥ sampradhano hariḥ | abhipatya jaghānāsya pramukhe tu mahāgajam ||

Translation

そのとき勇猛なるヴァーナラは戦場へ躍り出て、木を根こそぎ引き抜き、前にいる大象をめがけて跳びかかり打ち据えた。

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: कालाधिकरण (Temporal adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time: ‘then/from there’)

• पादपम्: a tree
• पादपम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पादप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• उद्धृत्य: having uprooted
• उद्धृत्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial to main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-हृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), अव्ययभाव; ‘having uprooted/lifted out’

• शूरः: valiant
• शूरः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying ‘हरिः’)

• सम्प्रधनः: engaged in fierce combat
• सम्प्रधनः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-प्र-धन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम्—‘battle-eager/engaged in combat’

• हरिः: the Vanara
• हरिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अभिपत्य: rushing at
• अभिपत्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-पत् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), अव्ययभाव; ‘having rushed upon’

• जघान: struck/killed
• जघान: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• अस्य: of him
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• प्रमुखे: on the front/face
• प्रमुखे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-प्राय, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘at the front/face’

• तु: indeed/also
• तु: सम्बन्ध (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विशेषार्थक (particle)

• महागजम्: the great elephant
• महागजम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महā + गज (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारयः (महान् गजः)

Context

Overwhelmed by the blow of Sugriva, that great elephant retreated four cubits, distressed, and roared.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Virūpākṣa
• Elephant
• Vānara

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as active protection: when aggressors threaten the community, the defender’s duty is to act swiftly and proportionately to stop harm.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva counters the attack by using a tree as a weapon and striking the enemy’s war-elephant.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage in action (vikrama) and resourcefulness are highlighted.