Shloka 20

Sarga 93: Rāvaṇa’s Grief and Fury after Indrajit’s Fall; Move to Slay Vaidehī and Ministerial Restraint

Devanagari script

स पुत्रवधसन्तप्तश्शूरःक्रोधवशंगतः ।।।।समीक्ष्यरावणोबुद्ध्यावैदेह्यारोचयद्वधम् ।

Transliteration

sa putra-vadha-santaptaḥ śūraḥ krodha-vaśaṃ gataḥ |

samīkṣya rāvaṇo buddhyā vaidehyā rocalyad vadham ||

Translation

子の死に焼かれる思いのまま、勇士ラーヴァナは怒りに支配された。そして心に見定め、ヴァイデーヒーを殺すことを決意した。

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; pronoun "he"

• पुत्रवधसन्तप्तः: tormented by (his) son's death
• पुत्रवधसन्तप्तः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुत्र+वध+सन्तप्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: पुत्रस्य वधः (son's killing) + तेन सन्तप्तः; "tormented by his son's death"

• शूरः: the hero/valiant one
• शूरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; apposition to रावणः

• क्रोधवशम्: under anger's sway
• क्रोधवशम्: Gati-karman (गतिकर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध+वश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: क्रोधस्य वशः; object of गतः: "under the control of anger"

• गतः: went/entered
• गतः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय (past participle) used as finite: "went/entered"

• समीक्ष्य: having considered
• समीक्ष्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्+√ईक्ष् (कृदन्त-अव्यय)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund); "having considered"

• रावणः: Rāvaṇa
• रावणः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रावण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; subject

• बुद्ध्या: with (his) mind
• बुद्ध्या: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; instrumental "with (his) mind/intellect"

• वैदेह्याः: of Vaidehī
• वैदेह्याः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैदेही (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; genitive "of Vaidehī (Sītā)"

• अरोचयत्: decided upon
• अरोचयत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ+√रुच् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (अनद्यतनभूत/Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; causative/denominative sense: "resolved/decided/approved"

• वधम्: killing, slaughter
• वधम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; object of अरोचयत्

Context

Pondering over the death of his asura son, Ravana was overtaken by fury, and reviwed thinking about the destruction of Vaidehi.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Vaidehī (Sītā)
• Indrajit (implied as 'son')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Targeting the innocent in revenge is adharma; dharma forbids shifting one’s grief into cruelty against a blameless person.

What is the narrative situation?

After Indrajit’s death, Rāvaṇa—overwhelmed by anger—plans to kill Sītā (Vaidehī).

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The implied virtue is protection of the helpless and respect for moral boundaries in war; Rāvaṇa’s intention violates this.