Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 65, Shloka 17

कुम्भकर्णप्रस्थानम्

Kumbhakarna’s Departure for Battle

Devanagari script

इत्येवमुक्तःसम्हृष्टोनिर्जगाममहाबलः ।राज्ञस्तुवचनंश्रुत्वाकुम्भकर्णस्समुद्यत:।। ।।

Transliteration

ity evam uktaḥ saṃhṛṣṭo nirjagāma mahābalaḥ |

rājñas tu vacanaṃ śrutvā kumbhakarṇaḥ samudyataḥ ||

Translation

かく告げられるや、大力のクンバカルナは王の言葉を聞いて歓喜し、起ち上がって出陣した。

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/समाप्ति-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• एवम्: in this way
• एवम्: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: रीति-अव्यय

• उक्तः: having been addressed
• उक्तः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Adjective of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: PPP, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; passive 'having been spoken to'

• सम्हृष्टः: delighted
• सम्हृष्टः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-हृष् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: PPP, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• निर्जगाम: went out/set forth
• निर्जगाम: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: निर्-गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• महाबलः: the mighty one
• महाबलः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• राज्ञः: of the king
• राज्ञः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• तु: indeed
• तु: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात

• वचनम्: words
• वचनम्: कर्म (Object of hearing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: श्रु (धातु) + क्त्वा (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive)

• कुम्भकर्णः: Kumbhakarna
• कुम्भकर्णः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भकर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• समुद्यतः: arisen/ready
• समुद्यतः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-उद्-यम् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: PPP, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'risen/ready'

Context

The king having spoken these words, mighty Kumbhakarna, pleased with the king's words set forth to fight.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It raises the Dharmic question of obedience and counsel: readiness to act for one’s king is a warriorly trait, but Dharma also requires discerning whether the cause is righteous.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa, encouraged by Rāvaṇa, becomes eager and prepares to go out for battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Readiness and martial resolve (utsāha) are emphasized in Kumbhakarṇa.