Shloka 22

कुम्भकर्णोपदेशः

Kumbhakarna’s Counsel and War-Boast to Ravana

Devanagari script

तत्तुश्रुत्वादशग्रीवःकुम्भकर्णस्यभाषितम् ।भ्रुकुटिंचैवसञ्चक्रेक्रुद्धश्चैनमभाषत ।।6.63.22।।

Transliteration

tat tu śrutvā daśagrīvaḥ kumbhakarṇasya bhāṣitam | bhrukuṭiṃ caiva sañcakre kruddhaś cainam abhāṣata ||6.63.22||

Translation

クンバカルナの言葉を聞くや、ダシャグリーヴァは眉をひそめ、怒りに燃えて彼に語った。

Word by Word

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; object of śrutvā

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha-dyotaka (सम्बन्धद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), contrast/emphasis

• śrutvā: having heard
• śrutvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: √śru (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त): 'having heard'

• daśa-grīvaḥ: the ten-necked (Rāvaṇa)
• daśa-grīvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśa + grīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; बहुव्रीहि: दश ग्रीवाः यस्य सः (Rāvaṇa)

• kumbhakarṇasya: of Kumbhakarṇa
• kumbhakarṇasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kumbhakarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• bhāṣitam: the words spoken
• bhāṣitam: Karma (कर्म/Object of śrutvā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: √bhāṣ (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle used substantively (क्त), Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; 'the speech spoken'

• bhrukuṭim: a frown (knitting of brows)
• bhrukuṭim: Karma (कर्म/Object of sañcakre)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrukuṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारण)

• sañcakre: made/formed
• sañcakre: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: saṃ-√kṛ (धातु: √kṛ; उपसर्ग: saṃ)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Ātmanepada, 3rd person, Singular

• kruddhaḥ: angry
• kruddhaḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/State of agent)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √krudh (धातु)
• Form: Past participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; 'angered'

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• enam: him
• enam: Karma (कर्म/Object of abhāṣata)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (enclitic)

• abhāṣata: spoke to
• abhāṣata: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√bhāṣ (धातु: √bhāṣ; उपसर्ग: abhi)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Ātmanepada, 3rd person, Singular

Context

Kumbhakarna having spoken that way, the ten headed Ravana frowned, shaking his eyebrows in anger and spoke this way.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa (Daśagrīva)
• Kumbhakarṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Unchecked anger clouds judgment; dharma requires restraint, especially when receiving corrective counsel.

What is the narrative situation?

After Kumbhakarṇa’s admonition, Rāvaṇa reacts with visible displeasure and prepares to reply.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, the verse highlights the need for kṣamā (forbearance) and self-control.