Shloka 40

कुम्भकर्णदर्शनम्

The Appearance of Kumbhakarna and the Account of His Might

Devanagari script

ततोहरीणांतदनीकमुग्रंरराजशैलोद्यतदीप्तहस्तम् ।गिरेःसमीपानुगतंयथैवहन्महाम्भोधरजालमुग्रम् ।।6.61.40।।

Transliteration

tato harīṇāṃ tad anīkam ugraṃ rarāja śailodyata-dīptahastam |

gireḥ samīpānugataṃ yathaiva han mahāmbhodharajālam ugraṃ ||6.61.40||

Translation

そのとき猛きヴァーナラの軍勢は輝き放った。岩や木々を掲げる手は炎のごとく光り、密集して、山の側にまとわりつく恐るべき大いなる嵐雲の群れのようであった。

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण

• हरीणाम्: of the monkeys
• हरीणाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन

• तत्: that
• तत्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अन्वयेन 'अनīकम्' इति विशेषण

• अनीकम्: army/host
• अनीकम्: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनीक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• उग्रम्: fierce/terrible
• उग्रम्: कर्तृविशेषण (Qualifier of Karta)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'अनीकम्' इति विशेषण

• रराज: shone/appeared splendid
• रराज: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √राज् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• शैल-उद्यत-दीप्त-हस्तम्: whose hands were raised and shining with rocks
• शैल-उद्यत-दीप्त-हस्तम्: कर्तृविशेषण (Qualifier of Karta)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शैल (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्यत (कृदन्त from उद्-√यम्) + दीप्त (कृदन्त from √दीप्) + हस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि: शैलैः उद्यताः दीप्ताः हस्ताः यस्य तत्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'अनीकम्' इति विशेषण

• गिरेः: of the mountain
• गिरेः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• समीप-अनुगतम्: having moved close (to the mountain)/nearby
• समीप-अनुगतम्: कर्तृविशेषण (Qualifier of Karta)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समीप (प्रातिपदिक) + अनुगत (कृदन्त from अनु-√गम्)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (अव्ययीभाव-प्राय अर्थे): समीपम् अनुगतम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'अनीकम्' इति विशेषण

• यथा: as/like
• यथा: उपमान-सम्बन्ध (Comparative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, उपमान/तुलना सूचक (comparative particle)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण (emphasis/indeed)

• हन्: indeed (expletive)
• हन्: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हन् (अव्यय/निपात)
• Form: निपात; पदपूरण/उद्गार (expletive particle used for emphasis)

• महा-अम्भोधर-जालम्: a great mass/net of clouds
• महा-अम्भोधर-जालम्: उपमान (Upamāna/Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा (प्रातिपदिक) + अम्भोधर (प्रातिपदिक) + जाल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष: अम्भोधराणां जालम्, महत् च; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उपमान (standard of comparison)

• उग्रम्: terrible
• उग्रम्: उपमानविशेषण (Qualifier of upamāna)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'जालम्' इति विशेषण

Context

"Vyvasvatha (Lord of death) as well as Vasava (Indra) were defeated by him in war. He is Kumbhakarna, the son of sage Visrava, a stupendous one and there is no other Rakshasa who equals him in size."

Characters & Entities

• Mountain (giri)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is steadfast unity in a righteous cause: the imagery highlights coordinated strength—power becomes ethically meaningful when directed by right purpose and disciplined order.

What is the narrative situation?

The narration poetically describes the vānaras advancing in close formation, carrying rocks and trees, as the sarga concludes.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Cohesion and courage of the vānaras—collective resolve rather than scattered fear.