Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 49

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

महाक्रोधसमाविष्टास्सर्वेभीमपराक्रमाः ।।।।तद्रक्षोबोधयिष्यन्तश्चक्रुरन्येपराक्रमम् ।

Transliteration

mahākrodhasamāviṣṭāḥ sarve bhīmaparākramāḥ |

tad rakṣo bodhayiṣyantaś cakrur anye parākramam ||

Translation

皆—恐るべき武勇の者たち—大いなる怒りに呑まれ、あの羅刹を目覚めさせようと、さらにもう一度激しく力を尽くした。

Word by Word

• महाक्रोधसमाविष्टाः: possessed by great anger
• महाक्रोधसमाविष्टाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + क्रोध + समाविष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; सम्-आ-विश् धातोः क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; kta-participle; agrees with सर्वे

• सर्वे: all (of them)
• सर्वे: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural

• भीमपराक्रमाः: of dreadful prowess
• भीमपराक्रमाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम + पराक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; agrees with सर्वे; "terrible in valor"

• तत्: that (one)
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; points to the intended object (that one/that thing)

• रक्षः: the rakshasa (Kumbhakarna)
• रक्षः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; here as object with bodhayiṣyantaḥ: Accusative singular

• बोधयिष्यन्तः: intending to rouse
• बोधयिष्यन्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: बुध् (धातु) + णिच् (causative) + शतृ (प्रत्यय)
• Form: भविष्यत्कालिक शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (future active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; "intending to awaken"

• चक्रुः: they did/undertook
• चक्रुः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; Perfect 3rd plural

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural

• पराक्रमम्: an effort/act of prowess
• पराक्रमम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पराक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; Accusative singular

Context

All the Rakshasas endowed with mighty prowess became enraged and others started to arouse with all their strength.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rākṣasas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse contrasts effort with inner discipline: determination is powerful, but when driven by anger it becomes ethically unstable and can serve adharma rather than dharma.

What is the narrative situation?

The rākṣasas, frustrated by failure, redouble their efforts to awaken Kumbhakarṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Determination (though mixed with anger), showing intensity of will in wartime necessity.