Valmiki Ramayana 6.21.10 — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 21, Shloka 10

सागरप्रतीक्षा-क्रोधप्रादुर्भावः

Rama’s Vigil at the Ocean and the Rise of Wrath

Devanagari script

तस्यरामस्यसुप्तस्यकुशास्तीर्णेमहीतले ।नियमादप्रमत्तस्यनिशास्तिस्रोऽतिचक्रमुः ।।6.21.10।।

Transliteration

tasya rāmasya suptasya kuśāstīrṇe mahītale | niyamād apramattasya niśās tisro 'ticakramuḥ ||6.21.10||

Translation

ラーマはクシャ草を敷いた大地に横たわり、誓戒を守って怠りなく警醒していた。その間に三夜がたちまち過ぎ去った。

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निषेध)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चय/अन्वय)

• दर्शयते: shows
• दर्शयते: क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; causative sense ‘दर्शयते’ = ‘shows’

• रूपम्: form/appearance
• रूपम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• मन्दः: dull/slow (unresponsive)
• मन्दः: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सागरस्य विशेषणम्

• रामस्य: to/of Rama
• रामस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• सागरः: the ocean
• सागरः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सागर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रयतेन: by the disciplined (one)
• प्रयतेन: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रयत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन; ‘self-restrained’

• अपि: even/also
• अपि: निपात (Particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (सम्भावना/अपि=also/even)

• रामेण: by Rama
• रामेण: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन

• यथार्हम्: as appropriate
• यथार्हम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + अर्ह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (रीतिवाचक) — ‘as is proper’

• अभिपूजितः: honoured/worshipped
• अभिपूजितः: कर्ता (Subject complement/कर्ता-वाच्य)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + पूज् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सागरः (कर्ता) ‘अभिपूजितः’

Context

As Rama kept himself alert with a vow and lay on the kusa grass m at spread on the ground, three nights rolled fast.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• kuśa grass

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is disciplined self-restraint: Rāma keeps a vowed observance (niyama) and remains vigilant rather than impatiently forcing outcomes.

What is the narrative situation?

At the seashore, before crossing to Laṅkā, Rāma undertakes a disciplined waiting/observance, resting on kuśa grass as time passes.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Steadfast vigilance (apramāda) and disciplined observance (niyama) despite delay.