Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 44, Shloka 7

जम्बुमालिवधः

The Slaying of Jambumali

Devanagari script

अर्धचन्द्रेण वदने शिरस्येकेन कर्णिना।बाह्वोर्विव्याध नाराचैर्दशभिस्तं कपीश्वरम्।।।।

Transliteration

ardha-candreṇa vadane śirasy ekena karṇinā | bāhvor vivyādha nārācair daśabhis taṃ kapīśvaram ||

Translation

彼は猿たちの王を射貫いた。顔には半月形の矢、頭には一本の鉤付きの矢、そして両腕には十本の鉄の矢を打ち込んだ。

Word by Word

• ardha-candreṇa: with a crescent(-shaped arrow)
• ardha-candreṇa: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ardha (अर्ध) + candra (चन्द्र प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular; name of a crescent-shaped arrow

• vadane: on the face
• vadane: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vadana (वदन प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular

• śirasi: on the head
• śirasi: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śiras (शिरस् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular

• ekena: with one
• ekena: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (एक प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular; quantifier

• karṇinā: with a karṇin arrow
• karṇinā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karṇin (कर्णिन् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular; 'ear-shaped arrow'

• bāhvoḥ: on the two arms
• bāhvoḥ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bāhu (बाहु प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (सप्तमी/7), Dual (द्विवचन)

• vivyādha: pierced
• vivyādha: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vyadh (व्यध् धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Third person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular; Parasmaipada

• nārācaiḥ: with iron arrows
• nārācaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nārāca (नाराच प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural

• daśabhiḥ: with ten
• daśabhiḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: daśa (दश प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural; numeral qualifying nārācaiḥ

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular

• kapi-īśvaram: the lord of monkeys
• kapi-īśvaram: Karma (कर्म/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi (कपि) + īśvara (ईश्वर)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; 'lord of monkeys'

Context

Jambumali released a crescent-shaped arrow on the face, one ear-shaped (barbed) arrow on the head and ten iron arrows into the arms of the lord of monkeys.

Characters & Entities

• Hanuman
• Jambumali

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes endurance and duty: even when wounded, a righteous warrior does not abandon the responsibility entrusted to him.

What is the narrative situation?

Jambumali intensifies the attack, striking multiple vital points with different kinds of arrows.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Titikṣā (forbearance) and vīrya (valor) implied in Hanuman’s capacity to withstand severe assault.