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Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 44, Shloka 20

जम्बुमालिवधः

The Slaying of Jambumali

Devanagari script

स रोषसंवर्तितताम्रलोचनः प्रहस्तपुत्त्रे निहते महाबले।अमात्यपुत्त्रानतिवीर्यविक्रमान् समादिदेशाशु निशाचरेश्वरः।।।।

Transliteration

sa roṣasaṃvartita-tāmra-locanaḥ prahasta-puttre nihate mahābale | amātya-puttrān ati-vīrya-vikramān samādideśāśu niśācareśvaraḥ ||

Translation

プラハスタの剛勇なる子が討たれるや、夜をさまよう羅刹の主は、怒りに燃えて銅赤の眼をめぐらせ、ただちに大臣たちの子ら――比類なき武勇と力を備えた戦士――に命を下した。

Word by Word
सःhe
सः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
रोष-संवर्तित-ताम्र-लोचनःwhose eyes were copper-red, rolled/whirled in anger
रोष-संवर्तित-ताम्र-लोचनः:
कर्ता-विशेषण (Karta-viśeṣaṇa)
TypeAdjective
Rootरोष (प्रातिपदिक) + संवर्तित (कृदन्त; √वृत्/√वर्त्, क्त-प्रत्यय) + ताम्र (प्रातिपदिक) + लोचन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समास (possessive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier) सः इति
प्रहस्त-पुत्त्रेwhen/where Prahasta's son (was)
प्रहस्त-पुत्त्रे:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative setting)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रहस्त (प्रातिपदिक) + पुत्त्र/पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative: 'Prahasta's son'), पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन
निहतेkilled/slain
निहते:
अधिकरण-विशेषण (Adhikaraṇa-viśeṣaṇa)
TypeAdjective
Root√हन् (धातु) + नि-उपसर्ग + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Loc/7th), एकवचन; प्रहस्तपुत्त्रे इति विशेषण
महाबले(who was) very strong
महाबले:
अधिकरण-विशेषण (Adhikaraṇa-viśeṣaṇa)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहा (प्रातिपदिक) + बल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास ('great-strong'), पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Loc/7th), एकवचन; प्रहस्तपुत्त्रे इति विशेषण
अमात्य-पुत्त्रान्the ministers' sons
अमात्य-पुत्त्रान्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य (प्रातिपदिक) + पुत्त्र/पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('sons of ministers'), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural)
अति-वीर्य-विक्रमānof extraordinary prowess and valor
अति-वीर्य-विक्रमān:
कर्म-विशेषण (Karma-viśeṣaṇa)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक) + विक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (determinative: 'exceeding in prowess and valor'), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Acc/2nd), बहुवचन; अमात्यपुत्त्रान् इति विशेषण
समादिदेशcommanded/ordered
समादिदेश:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√दिश् (धातु) + सम्-आ-उपसर्ग + लिट् (Perfect)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
आशुquickly
आशु:
क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआशु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
निशाचर-ईश्वरःthe lord of the night-rangers (demon-king)
निशाचर-ईश्वरः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootनिशाचर (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('lord of night-wanderers'), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन; सः इति समानाधिकरण
Context

Commanded by the demon king, Jambumali the invincible son of Prahasta, who had large teeth in front, big rolling eyes, red flower garland, red robes and a chaplet with beautiful earrings. He went round twanging his producing thunderous sound. His arrows were huge, shining and beautiful.

Characters & Entities
R
Rāvaṇa
P
Prahasta
J
Jāmbumālin

FAQs

A ruler’s dharma requires clarity and restraint; acting from rage leads to further harm and repeated escalation rather than wise resolution.

After Jāmbumālin’s death, Rāvaṇa responds by immediately deploying another wave of elite fighters—the ministers’ sons.

Negatively, Rāvaṇa’s lack of measured judgment; positively (implicitly), the narrative stresses the importance of calm discernment in leadership.

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