Shloka 31

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः (Sarga 42): Omens in Laṅkā, Report to Rāvaṇa, and the Kinkara Assault

Devanagari script

स भूत्वा सुमहाकायो हनुमान्मारुतात्मजः।धृष्टमास्फोटयामास लङ्कां शब्देन पूरयन्।।5.42.31।।

Transliteration

sa bhūtvā sumahākāyo hanumān mārutātmajaḥ |

dhṛṣṭam āsphoṭayāmāsa laṅkāṃ śabdena pūrayan ||5.42.31||

Translation

そのとき風神の子ハヌマーンは巨大な姿となり、勇ましく身を打ち鳴らして、ランカーの都をその音で満たした。

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• भूत्वा: having become
• भूत्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Ktvā-pratyaya (क्त्वा) absolutive/gerund; ‘having become’

• सुमहा-कायः: of very huge body
• सुमहा-कायः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su (अव्यय/उपसर्ग) + mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + kāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘su-mahān kāyaḥ’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with हनुमान्

• हनुमान्: Hanuman
• हनुमान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hanūmant (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• मारुत-आत्मजः: son of the Wind-god
• मारुत-आत्मजः: Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māruta (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘mārutasya ātmajaḥ’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to हनुमान्

• धृष्टम्: boldly/wildly
• धृष्टम्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dhṛṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया), used as manner-adverb

• आस्फोटयामास: clapped/caused to resound
• आस्फोटयामास: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sphoṭ (धातु)
• Form: Periphrastic perfect (लिट्-परस्मैपद, आमास-प्रयोग), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); causative sense ‘made resound/clapped’

• लङ्काम्: Lanka
• लङ्काम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• शब्देन: with sound
• शब्देन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śabda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• पूरयन्: filling (echoing through)
• पूरयन्: Karta (कर्ता, participial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √pṝ (धातु)
• Form: Śatṛ-pratyaya (शतृ) present active participle; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with हनुमान्

Context

Hanuman, son of Maruti, enlarged his body to a huge size and patted himself wildly making loud noise that echoed the entire Lanka.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Māruta (Wind-god)
• Laṅkā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is purposeful action: Hanumān adapts his form and uses sound as a strategic declaration to advance a righteous mission.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān magnifies his body and makes a thunderous clapping sound to challenge and draw out Laṅkā’s defenders.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Resourceful courage—power combined with tactical intent.