Shloka 13

अभिज्ञानदानम् / The Gift of Recognition

Sita’s Token and Resolve

Devanagari script

त्वच्छोकविमुखो रामो देवि सत्येन ते शपे।रामे दुःखाभिभूते तु लक्ष्मणः परितप्यते।।5.40.13।।

Transliteration

tvacchokavimukho rāmo devi satyena te śape | rāme duḥkhābhibhūte tu lakṣmaṇaḥ paritapyate ||

Translation

女神よ、真実をもってあなたに誓います。ラーマはあなたを思う悲しみに圧され、万事に心を離してしまわれました。ラーマが憂いに打ちひしがれるとき、ラクシュマナさえも苦悩に灼かれます。

Word by Word

• त्वत्-शोक-विमुखः: free from (your) grief / not turning away due to your grief
• त्वत्-शोक-विमुखः: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वद्-शोक-विमुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular); तत्पुरुषः (त्वत्-शोकात् विमुखः)

• रामः: Rama
• रामः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• देवि: O lady
• देवि: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन विभक्ति, एकवचन (Feminine, Vocative, Singular)

• सत्येन: by truth
• सत्येन: करण (Instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Instrumental, Singular)

• ते: to you
• ते: सम्प्रदान (Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी विभक्ति, एकवचन (Dative, Singular)

• शपे: I swear
• शपे: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शप् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद (I swear/promise)

• रामे: when/in Rama
• रामे: अधिकरण (Location/condition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Locative, Singular)

• दुःखाभिभूते: overcome by sorrow
• दुःखाभिभूते: अधिकरण (Locative absolute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःख-अभि-भू (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP); पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन (agreeing with रामे; locative absolute nuance)

• तु: indeed
• तु: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषार्थक अव्यय (but/indeed)

• लक्ष्मणः: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)

• परितप्यते: is tormented/grieves
• परितप्यते: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-तप् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Context

"O irreproachable lady! I swear by you that Rama has grown averse to everything out of grief of separation from you. When Rama is in grief even Lakshmana gets immersed in sorrow.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Sītā
• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya (truthfulness) as dharma in speech: Hanumān uses a truth-bound oath to console Sītā responsibly, grounding hope in truthful assurance.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān comforts Sītā by describing Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa’s suffering and unwavering concern for her.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truthful compassion: Hanumān consoles without deception, strengthening Sītā’s morale through reliable testimony.