Shloka 12

किष्किन्धायां सुग्रीवस्य नादः

Sugriva’s War-Cry at Kishkindha

Devanagari script

यदि दृष्टिपथं प्राप्तो जीवन्स विनिवर्तते।ततो दोषेण मा गच्छेत्सद्यो गर्हेच्च मा भवान्4.14.12।।

Transliteration

yadi dṛṣṭi-pathaṃ prāpto jīvan sa vinivartate | tato doṣeṇa mā gacchet sadyo garhec ca mā bhavān ||

Translation

もし彼が我が視界に入るなら、生きては戻れぬ。ゆえに、その時ただちに我を責め、咎を負わせてはならぬ。

Word by Word

• यदि: if
• यदि: Hetu/Condition marker (निमित्त)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: शर्तवाचक-अव्यय (conditional particle)

• दृष्टि-पथम्: the range of sight
• दृष्टि-पथम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक) + पथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (दृष्टेः पथः = range/path of sight)

• प्राप्तः: having reached
• प्राप्तः: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र√आप् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘having reached’

• जीवन्: alive
• जीवन्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जीव् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘alive/living’

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• विनिवर्तते: returns/turns back
• विनिवर्तते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-नि√वृत् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kāla/Anantara (अनन्तर)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: तदर्थक-अव्यय (thereupon/then)

• दोषेण: due to fault/blame
• दोषेण: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/हेतु), एकवचन; ‘because of blame/fault’

• मा: do not
• मा: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (prohibitive particle)

• गच्छेत्: should go/should fall (on me)
• गच्छेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• सद्यः: immediately
• सद्यः: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सद्यः (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (immediately)

• गर्हेत्: should blame/censure
• गर्हेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गर्ह् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• मा: do not
• मा: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (prohibitive particle)

• भवान्: you
• भवान्: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; honorific ‘you’

Context

'If Vali appears before me I will not let him go with life.Then you will not blame me and find fault with me.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sugrīva
• Vāli

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Accountability in action: Rāma commits to a clear outcome so that his ally is not left in uncertainty—Dharma requires deeds that match pledged protection.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva fears Vāli might escape; Rāma assures him that once Vāli is within range, he will be finished.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Assurance grounded in responsibility—Rāma accepts that he must act decisively to uphold trust.