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Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 7, Shloka 5

अमात्य-गुणवर्णनम्

The Virtues of Daśaratha’s Ministers and the Order of Governance

Devanagari script

विद्याविनीता ह्रीमन्त: कुशला नियतेन्द्रिया: ।श्रीमन्तश्च महात्मानश्शास्त्रज्ञा दृढविक्रमा: ।।।।कीर्तिमन्त: प्रणिहिता: यथावचनकारिण: ।तेज: क्षमायश:प्राप्ता स्मितपूर्वाभिभाषिण: ।।।।

Transliteration

vidyāvinītā hrīmantaḥ kuśalā niyatendriyāḥ |

śrīmantaś ca mahātmānaḥ śāstrajñā dṛḍhavikramāḥ ||

kīrtimantaḥ praṇihitāḥ yathāvacanakāriṇaḥ |

tejaḥ-kṣamā-yaśaḥprāptā smitapūrvābhibhāṣiṇaḥ ||

Translation

彼らは学識に富み、よく鍛えられ、不正を恥じ、巧みで自制にすぐれていた。富み栄え、心高く、シャーストラに通じ、勇猛にして揺るがぬ。名声あり、用心深く、言葉どおりに行い、光輝と忍耐と誉れを備え、微笑を先にして礼儀正しく語った。

Word by Word
क्रोधात्from anger / out of anger
क्रोधात्:
हेतु (Cause/निमित्त)
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/अपादान), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
काम-अर्थ-हेतोःfrom the motive of desire and gain
काम-अर्थ-हेतोः:
हेतु (Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootकाम + अर्थ + हेतु (प्रातिपदिक; कामार्थहेतु)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (कामस्य अर्थस्य हेतु:); पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
वाor
वा:
विकल्प (Alternative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (disjunctive particle/विकल्प)
नnot
न:
निषेध (Negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation particle)
ब्रूयुःshould say / would utter
ब्रूयुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative/Potential), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन
अनृतम्untruth
अनृतम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग
वचःword / speech
वचः:
कर्म (Object; apposition to अनृतम्)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन
अविदितम्unknown
अविदितम्:
विशेषण (Predicate adjective of किञ्चित्)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ + विदित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √विद्)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग
किञ्चित्anything (even a little)
किञ्चित्:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; अत्र प्रथमा (subject)
स्वेषुamong their own (people)
स्वेषु:
अधिकरण (Locative domain)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन
नnot
न:
निषेध
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation)
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
परेषुamong others / enemies
परेषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
वाor
वा:
विकल्प
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
क्रियमाणम्being done
क्रियमाणम्:
कर्ता (as part of subject set)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) → क्रियमाण (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formवर्तमानकर्मणि कृदन्त (present passive participle/शानच्), प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; अत्र प्रथमा (subject-apposition)
कृतम्done
कृतम्:
कर्ता (as part of subject set)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; अत्र प्रथमा
वाor
वा:
विकल्प
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
अपिalso / even
अपि:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle), समुच्चय/अपि-भाव (also/even)
चारेणby spies
चारेण:
करण (Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootचार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
अपिeven
अपि:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle)
चिकीर्षितम्intended to be done
चिकीर्षितम्:
कर्ता (as part of subject set)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) → चिकीर्षित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formदेशिदेरिवेटिव/इच्छार्थक कृदन्त (Desiderative-based PPP: √कृ → चिकीर्ष-; क्त), प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; अत्र प्रथमा
Context

The king (Dasaratha) had many friends. All the tributary kings were obedient to him. He killed his enemies with his might. There was no foe who was either superior to or equal to him. He ruled the world as Indra ruled the heaven.

Characters & Entities
D
Daśaratha

FAQs

Public duty requires inner discipline: learning, self-control, truthfulness in action (doing as one says), and kṣamā (forbearance) are presented as ethical foundations for governance.

The narration expands from listing ministers and priests to describing the ministers’ character—why they are fit to support a righteous king.

Integrity and restraint: being true to one’s word, morally modest (hri), and courteous in speech.

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