Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 23, Shloka 18

कामाश्रम

प्रवेशः / Entry into Kāma’s Hermitage at the Sarayū–Gaṅgā Confluence

Devanagari script

तेषां संवदतां तत्र तपोदीर्घेण चक्षुषा।विज्ञाय परमप्रीता मुनयो हर्षमागमन्।।।।

Transliteration

teṣāṃ saṃvadatāṃ tatra tapodīrgheṇa cakṣuṣā |

vijñāya paramaprītā munayo harṣam āgaman ||

Translation

そこで語り合う彼らを、長き苦行より生まれた遠大な眼で聖仙たちは見抜き、悟って、限りない歓喜に満たされた。

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: षष्ठी, बहुवचन, सर्वनाम

• संवदताम्: while they were conversing
• संवदताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive absolute-like)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्- वद् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ/शानच्-प्रयोग (Present participle; here genitive plural 'of those conversing'), षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय

• तपोदीर्घेण: far-reaching through austerity
• तपोदीर्घेण: करण (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक) + दीर्घ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (tapasā dīrgha: far-reaching due to austerity), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुल्लिङ्ग-प्रयोग, तृतीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies 'cakṣuṣā')

• चक्षुषा: with (their) vision
• चक्षुषा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• विज्ञाय: having recognized
• विज्ञाय: पूर्वक्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive), पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया

• परमप्रीताः: highly delighted
• परमप्रीताः: कर्ता (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रीत (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: कर्मधारय (parama-prīta: extremely pleased), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies 'munayaḥ')

• मुनयः: sages
• मुनयः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• हर्षम्: joy
• हर्षम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: हर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आगमन्: attained; came to
• आगमन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

Context

As they were conversing thus, the ascetics, with their far reaching spiritual vision (beyond the veil of time) recognised them and were immensely pleased.

Characters & Entities

• Munis (ascetics)
• Tapas (austerity-vision)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Spiritual discipline (tapas) yields clarity of perception; Dharma is supported by insight that recognizes the righteous and welcomes them.

What is the narrative situation?

The resident sages, through tapas-born vision, recognize the approaching party and feel joy.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Tapas and discernment (viveka): inner cultivation leading to right recognition and right response.