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Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 20, Shloka 16

राज्ञः शङ्का

प्रत्याख्यानम् (Daśaratha’s Objections to Sending Rāma) — Bala Kanda, Sarga 20

Devanagari script

पौलस्त्यवंशप्रभवो रावणो नाम राक्षस:।स ब्रह्मणा दत्तवरस्त्रैलोक्यं बाधते भृशम्।।1.20.16।।महाबलो महावीर्यो राक्षसैर्बहुभिर्वृत:।

Transliteration

paulastyavaṁśaprabhavo rāvaṇo nāma rākṣasaḥ | sa brahmaṇā dattavaras trailokyaṁ bādhate bhṛśam || 1.20.16 || mahābalo mahāvīryo rākṣasair bahubhir vṛtaḥ |

Translation

プラスタヤ（Pulastya）の系譜に生まれた、ラーヴァナ（Rāvaṇa）という羅刹がいる。梵天（Brahmā）より授かった恩寵の誓願により勢いを得て、三界を甚だしく悩ませる。大いなる力と武勇を備え、多くの羅刹に囲まれている。

Word by Word
पौलस्त्यवंशप्रभवःborn in Pulastya’s lineage
पौलस्त्यवंशप्रभवः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootpaulastya (प्रातिपदिक) + vaṃśa (प्रातिपदिक) + prabhava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (chain): पौलस्त्यस्य वंशः, तस्मात् प्रभवः = ‘born from Pulastya’s lineage’
रावणःRāvaṇa
रावणः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootrāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन
नामby name
नाम:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Name marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable used as quotative/name-marker)
राक्षसःa rākṣasa
राक्षसः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘रावणः’ इति समानाधिकरण
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन
ब्रह्मणाby Brahmā
ब्रह्मणा:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन
दत्तवरःgranted a boon
दत्तवरः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootdatta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √dā) + vara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास: दत्तः वरः यस्य = ‘one whose boon is granted’
त्रैलोक्यम्the three worlds
त्रैलोक्यम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottri (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समास: त्रयः लोकाः = ‘the three worlds’
बाधतेtorments / oppresses
बाधते:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√bādh (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
भृशम्excessively
भृशम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbhṛśam (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)
महाबलःmighty/very strong
महाबलः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: महत् बलम् यस्य/महद्बलः
महावीर्यःof great prowess
महावीर्यः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + vīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय
राक्षसैःby/with rākṣasas
राक्षसैः:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument/Association)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन
बहुभिःwith many
बहुभिः:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument/Association)
TypeAdjective
Rootbahu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘राक्षसैः’ इति विशेष्य
वृतःsurrounded / accompanied
वृतः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
TypeVerb
Root√vṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘सः’ इति कर्तरि विशेषण
Characters & Entities
R
Rāvaṇa
P
Pulastya
B
Brahmā
T
Trailokya (three worlds)
R
Rākṣasas

FAQs

Dharma is threatened when power gained through boons or might is used to oppress the world; the verse frames Rāvaṇa’s tyranny as adharma that righteous rulers and sages must oppose to protect cosmic and social order.

Daśaratha explains to sage Viśvāmitra the scale of the rākṣasa threat, identifying Rāvaṇa as a boon-protected oppressor connected to the disturbances around sacrifices.

Daśaratha’s conscientious kingship and caution—he assesses the danger realistically before consenting to send his young son.

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