Valmiki Ramayana 2.93.1: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 93, Shloka 1

चित्रकूटमार्गवर्णनम्

Bharata’s Army Reaches Chitrakuta and Searches for Rama

Devanagari script

तया महत्या यायिन्या ध्वजिन्या वनवासिनः। अर्दिता यूथपा मत्ताः सयूथास्सम्प्रदुद्रुवुः।।2.93.1।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.93.1

Transliteration

tayā mahatyā yāyinyā dhvajinyā vanavāsinaḥ | arditā yūthapā mattāḥ sayūthāḥ sampradudruvuḥ ||2.93.1||

Translation

旗を掲げて進む大軍に驚かされ、森に住む群れの長たちは恐れに狂い、群れとともに一斉に逃げ去った。

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Word by Word

• सा: that (army)
• सा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; pronoun referring to senā

• सम्प्रहृष्टद्विपवाजियोधा: with exhilarated elephants, horses, and warriors
• सम्प्रहृष्टद्विपवाजियोधा: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of senā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: samprahṛṣṭa + dvipa + vāji + yodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: 'having elephants, horses, and soldiers who are highly exhilarated' (qualifying senā)

• वित्रासयन्ती: frightening
• वित्रासयन्ती: Karta (कर्ता) (participial action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√tras (त्रस् धातु) causative √trasay; vitrāsayantī (कृदन्त)
• Form: Śatṛ (शतृ) present active participle, causative; Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agrees with senā; sense: 'frightening'

• मृगपक्षिसङ्घान्: flocks of beasts and birds
• मृगपक्षिसङ्घान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛga + pakṣi + saṅgha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa: 'groups/flocks of beasts and birds'

• महत्: great
• महत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with vanam

• वनम्: forest
• वनम्: Karma (कर्म) (object of entering)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (कर्म) (determiner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; pronoun used with vanam

• प्रतिगाहमाना: while entering
• प्रतिगाहमाना: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati-√gāh (गाह् धातु); pratigāhamānā (कृदन्त)
• Form: Śānac (शानच्) present middle participle; Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agrees with senā; sense: 'entering/penetrating'

• रराज: shone/appeared splendid
• रराज: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √rāj (राज् धातु)
• Form: Laṅ (लङ्) perfect-like narrative? actually Liṭ (लिट्) perfect: 3rd person singular Parasmaipada; form 'rarāja' (reduplicated perfect)

• सेना: army
• सेना: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: senā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• भरतस्य: of Bharata
• भरतस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Deśa-avyaya (locative adverb)

Context

On seeing the great army marching, the exited leaders of herds of elephants inhabiting the forest were frightened and ran off with their herds.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata’s army (dhvajinī)
• forest-dwellers (vanavāsinaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes restraint in the use of power: the verse highlights how large human forces disturb other beings, implying the ruler’s duty to minimize harm and fear in the natural world.

What is the narrative situation?

As Bharata’s large, bannered army advances, forest animals and herd-leaders panic and flee with their groups.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Implicitly, the need for royal self-control and compassion—power should not become a source of terror to the innocent.