Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 82, Shloka 26

भरतस्य धर्मप्रतिज्ञा तथा रामनिवर्तनयात्रा

Bharata’s Vow of Dharma and the Expedition to Recall Rama

Devanagari script

ते हयैर्गोरथैश्शीघ्रैस्स्यन्दनैश्च महाजवैःसह योधैर्बलाध्यक्षा बलं सर्वमचोदयन्।।।।

Transliteration

te hayair go-rathaiḥ śīghraiḥ syandanaiś ca mahājavaiḥ |

saha yodhair balādhyakṣā balaṁ sarvam acodayan ||

Translation

軍の指揮官たちは兵とともに、馬、速い牛車、そして疾走する戦車を備えて、全軍を前へと促した。

Word by Word

• te: those (men)
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• hayaiḥ: with horses
• hayaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: haya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• gorathaiḥ: with bullock-carts
• gorathaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: go + ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; समास: गोभिः युक्ताः रथाः (instrumental/association tatpuruṣa)

• śīghraiḥ: swift
• śīghraiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śīghra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying vehicles)

• syandanaiḥ: with chariots
• syandanaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: syandana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• mahājavaiḥ: very swift
• mahājavaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + java (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; समास: महत् जवे येषां ते (कर्मधारय as adjective ‘very swift’)

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सह-योगे (postposition ‘with’, governs instrumental)

• yodhaiḥ: with soldiers
• yodhaiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• balādhyakṣāḥ: army commanders
• balādhyakṣāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bala + adhyakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समास: बलस्य अध्यक्षाः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• balam: the army
• balam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• sarvam: entire
• sarvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• acodayan: urged (it) on
• acodayan: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: a-√cud (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; causative sense ‘urged on’

Context

Those chiefs of the army urged the soldiers, horses, fast-moving bullock-carts and swift chariots (to move on).

Characters & Entities

• syandana (chariots)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as organized action: righteous aims require disciplined coordination—leaders ensure the force moves efficiently and responsibly.

What is the narrative situation?

Army commanders actively mobilize and accelerate the movement of troops and transport for the expedition.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Command responsibility and discipline—effective leadership in executing a lawful mission.