Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 81, Shloka 4

एकाशीति तमः सर्गः

Bharata’s Grief, Courtly Summons, and the Assembly Hall

Devanagari script

ततः प्रबुद्धो भरतस्तं घोषं सन्निवर्त्य च।नाहं राजेति चाप्युक्त्वा शत्रुघ्नमिदमब्रवीत्।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ prabuddho bharatas taṃ ghoṣaṃ sannivartya ca |

nāhaṃ rājeti cāpy uktvā śatrughnam idam abravīt ||

Translation

そのときバラタは目覚め、あの喧騒を止めさせ、「私は王ではない」と言い放って、シャトルグナにこう語った。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• prabuddhaḥ: awakened
• prabuddhaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra + √budh (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.); 'awakened'

• bharataḥ: Bharata
• bharataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.)

• tam: that
• tam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); सर्वनाम; विशेषण to 'ghoṣam'

• ghoṣam: sound
• ghoṣam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ghoṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.)

• sannivartya: having stopped
• sannivartya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam + ni + √vṛt (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable participle): 'having stopped/turned back'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha-dyotaka (प्रतिषेधद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.)

• rājā: king
• rājā: Pradhāna (विधेय/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.); विधेय (predicate nominative) with 'aham'

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyārtha-dyotaka (वाक्यार्थद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इति-शब्दः (quotative particle)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अपि (particle: also/even)

• uktvā: having said
• uktvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund): 'having said'

• śatrughnam: to Shatrughna
• śatrughnam: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatrughna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.)

• idam: this
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); 'this (speech)'

• abravīt: said
• abravīt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √brū (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (sg.)

Context

Then Bharata waking up, exclaimed, I am not the king, ordered the pipers to stop and said to Satrughna:

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Śatrughna

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya and rājadharma: Bharata refuses an unrighteous claim to kingship and insists on truthfully recognizing that the throne is not rightfully his under the circumstances.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata wakes amid palace commotion and immediately rejects being treated as king, ordering the celebratory/official noise to stop.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Integrity: Bharata’s immediate repudiation of kingship shows moral clarity and resistance to power gained through adharma.