Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 79, Shloka 1

भरतस्य राज्यत्यागः तथा रामानयनप्रतिज्ञा

Bharata Rejects Kingship and Vows to Bring Rama Back

Devanagari script

ततः प्रभातसमये दिवसेऽथ चतुर्दशे।समेत्य राजकर्तारो भरतं वाक्यमब्रुवन्।।2.79.1।।

Transliteration

tataḥ prabhātasamaye divase 'tha caturdaśe |

sametya rājakartāro bharataṃ vākyam abruvan ||

Translation

さて、第十四日の暁の時、王を立てる任を負う者たちが集い、バラタに次の言葉を告げた。

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; काल/अनन्तरवाचक (temporal adverb)

• प्रभात: of dawn
• प्रभात: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prabhāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; in compound with समये

• समये: at the time
• समये: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; time-locative

• दिवसे: on the day
• दिवसे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; locative of time

• अथ: then/and
• अथ: Sambandha/Discourse (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम/अनन्तरार्थक (conjunctive particle)

• चतुर्दशे: on the fourteenth
• चतुर्दशे: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: caturdaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगुसमास (चतुर् + दश); सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; agreeing with दिवसे

• समेत्य: having assembled
• समेत्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√i (धातु; √i गत्यर्थे)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), ‘having come together/assembled’

• राज: king
• राज: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; in compound with कर्तारः

• कर्तारः: the king-makers/king-proclaimers
• कर्तारः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; subject; ‘makers/agents’

• भरतम्: to Bharata
• भरतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; object (addressee) of abruvan

• वाक्यम्: words/speech
• वाक्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; thing spoken

• अब्रुवन्: said
• अब्रुवन्: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √brū (धातु; ब्रू वचने)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन

Context

Then, at the hour of dawn on the fourteenth day, all those who were empowered to proclaim the king, assembled and addressed Bharata:

Characters & Entities

• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is framed institutionally: legitimate rule proceeds through recognized elders and procedures, not mere force or desire.

What is the narrative situation?

On the fourteenth day’s dawn, court authorities gather to address Bharata regarding kingship and next steps.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Respect for rightful process (maryādā): governance is shown as grounded in established norms.