Valmiki Ramayana 2.77.16 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 77, Shloka 16

और्ध्वदैहिकक्रिया-शोकविलापः

Obsequies for Daśaratha and the Brothers’ Lament

Devanagari script

अवदारणकाले तु पृथिवी नावदीर्यते।।।।या विहीना त्वया राज्ञा धर्मज्ञेन महात्मना।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.77.16

Transliteration

avadāraṇakāle tu pṛthivī nāvadīryate | yā vihīnā tvayā rājñā dharmajñena mahātmanā ||

Translation

裂けるべき時に、大地は裂けない——ダルマを知る大いなる魂の王よ、あなたを失っているというのに。

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Word by Word

• avadāraṇa-kāle: at the time of tearing apart
• avadāraṇa-kāle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: avadāraṇa + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (Locative/सप्तमी), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: avadāraṇasya kālaḥ (time of splitting)

• tu: but, indeed
• tu: Prayojaka (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adversative/emphatic particle (तु)

• pṛthivī: the earth
• pṛthivī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pṛthivī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā, Ekavacana

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-avyaya (negation particle/निषेध)

• avadīryate: is torn/split
• avadīryate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava + √dṝ (दॄ) (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (Present/लट्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; ātmanepada; karmaṇi (passive sense): 'is torn apart'

• yā: which (earth)
• yā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (यद्) (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; relative pronoun referring to pṛthivī

• vihīnā: devoid (of)
• vihīnā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + √hā (हा) (धातु)
• Form: Kta (past participle/क्त), Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; 'deprived of'

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Kartṛ (कर्ता) in passive / Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (युष्मद्) (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tṛtīyā (Instrumental), Ekavacana; agent in passive construction

• rājñā: by the king
• rājñā: Kartṛ (कर्ता) in passive
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (राजन्) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; apposition to tvayā

• dharmajñena: by (one) knowing dharma
• dharmajñena: Kartṛ (कर्ता) in passive
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharmajña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: dharmaṃ jānāti iti; adjective qualifying rājñā

• mahātmanā: by the great-souled (one)
• mahātmanā: Kartṛ (कर्ता) in passive
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: mahān ātmā yasya/mahān ātmā (great-souled); adjective qualifying rājñā

Context

With my father ascended to heaven and Rama gone to the forest, where is the strength in me to live? I shall enter the blazing fire.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Daśaratha
• Earth (Pṛthivī)
• Dharma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse upholds the ideal of a dharma-knowing king whose presence stabilizes the world; moral order is imagined as tied to righteous rule.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata mourns Daśaratha, expressing that even nature should have shattered at the loss of such a righteous king.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Daśaratha’s dharma-jñāna and greatness of soul, presented as the foundation of social and cosmic stability.