Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.61: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 61

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

मम दुःखमिदं पुत्र भूयस्समुपजायते।शपथै श्शपमानो हि प्राणानुपरुणत्सि मे।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.75.61

Transliteration

mama duḥkham idaṃ putra bhūyaḥ samupajāyate | śapathaiḥ śapamāno hi prāṇān uparuṇatsi me ||

Translation

わが子よ、私の悲しみはますます募るばかりです。あなたがそのような誓いを立てるたび、まるで私の命の息を締めつけるかのようなのです。

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Word by Word

• मम: my, of me
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• दुःखम्: sorrow, suffering
• दुःखम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (दुःखम्)

• पुत्र: O son
• पुत्र: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• भूयः: again, still more
• भूयः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bhūyas (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• समुपजायते: arises, increases
• समुपजायते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jan (धातु) + sam-upa-
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present); आत्मनेपद; प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• शपथैः: by oaths
• शपथैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śapatha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन

• शपमानः: (you) swearing
• शपमानः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śap (धातु) + śapamāna (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शानच्); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक (agentive participle)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: Sambandha/Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle, causal/emphatic)

• प्राणान्: life-breaths, life
• प्राणान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), बहुवचन

• उपरुणत्सि: you obstruct, choke off
• उपरुणत्सि: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√rudh (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present); परस्मैपद; मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• मे: my, of me
• मे: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

Context

Afflicted by sorrow and lamenting thus, great Bharata's mind became unsteady owing to swooning and besieged by grief.

Characters & Entities

• Kausalyā
• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes restraint in speech and emotion: even truth-asserting oaths can become harmful when driven by grief, wounding those who love us.

What is the narrative situation?

Kausalyā responds to Bharata’s repeated oath-taking and emotional collapse, urging him to stop intensifying her pain.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Maternal compassion and clarity: Kausalyā expresses grief while also steering Bharata toward self-control.