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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 74, Shloka 36

भरतस्य कैकेयी-गर्हा तथा सुरभि-दृष्टान्तः

Bharata’s Reproach of Kaikeyi and the Surabhi Exemplum

Devanagari script

संरक्तनेत्र श्शिथिलाम्भरस्तदा विधूतसर्वाभरणः परन्तपः।बभूव भूमौ पतितो नृपात्मजश्शचीपतेः केतुरिवोत्सवक्षये।।।।

Transliteration

saṃrakta-netraḥ śithilāmbharas tadā vidhūta-sarvābharaṇaḥ parantapaḥ |

babhūva bhūmau patito nṛpātmajaḥ śacī-pateḥ ketur ivotsava-kṣaye ||

Translation

そのとき、敵を焼き払う王子は地に倒れ伏していた。眼は血走り、衣は乱れ、飾りは投げ捨てられ、祭りの終わりに垂れ下がるインドラの旗印のようであった。

Word by Word
saṅrakta-netraḥhaving bloodshot eyes
saṅrakta-netraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṅrakta (कृदन्त/विशेषण) + netra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘संरक्ते नेत्रे यस्य सः’ (having bloodshot eyes)
śithila-ambaraḥwith dishevelled clothing
śithila-ambaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootśithila (प्रातिपदिक) + ambara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘शिथिलम् अम्बरं यस्य सः’ (with loosened/disordered garment)
tadāthen
tadā:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
vidhūta-sarva-ābharaṇaḥwith all ornaments shaken off
vidhūta-sarva-ābharaṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvidhūta (कृदन्त; √dhū ‘धू’ धातु) + sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + ābharaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘विधूतानि सर्वाणि आभरणानि यस्य सः’ (whose ornaments were shaken off/tossed about)
parantapaḥscorcher of foes
parantapaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootparantapa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बोधनार्थक-उपाधि/विशेष्य (epithet)
babhūvabecame/was
babhūva:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (भू)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
bhūmauon the ground
bhūmau:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
patitaḥfallen
patitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootpatita (कृदन्त; √pat ‘पत्’ धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
nṛpa-ātmajaḥthe king’s son
nṛpa-ātmajaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛpa (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—‘नृपस्य आत्मजः’ (king’s son)
śacī-pateḥof Indra (Śacī’s lord)
śacī-pateḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootśacī (प्रातिपदिक) + pati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—‘शच्याः पतिः’ (husband of Śacī = Indra)
ketuḥbanner/standard
ketuḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootketu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
ivalike
iva:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमावाचक-अव्यय (particle of comparison)
utsava-kṣayeat the festival’s end
utsava-kṣaye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootutsava (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—‘उत्सवस्य क्षये’ (at the end of the festival)
Context

O Kaikeyi! by destroying this race you have earned the demerit of killing an embryo and shall enter hell. You shall never attain the same state of living, in the afterworld of your husband.

Characters & Entities
B
Bharata
I
Indra (Śacīpati)
Ś
Śacī
K
Ketu (banner/standard)

FAQs

The verse underscores how social and cosmic order (dharma) is mirrored in human emotion: when truth and rightful order are disturbed, even the noble are brought low.

The narrator describes Bharata’s physical collapse and disarray after his intense denunciation, closing the sarga with a vivid simile.

Bharata’s earnestness and sincerity: his grief is not performative but bodily overwhelming, reflecting genuine devotion to dharma and Rama.

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