Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 74, Shloka 11

भरतस्य कैकेयी-गर्हा तथा सुरभि-दृष्टान्तः

Bharata’s Reproach of Kaikeyi and the Surabhi Exemplum

Devanagari script

यत्प्रधानाऽसि तत्पापं मयि पित्रा विनाकृते।भ्रातृभ्यां च परित्यक्ते सर्वलोकस्य चाप्रिये।।।।

Transliteration

yatpradhānā ’si tat pāpaṃ mayi pitrā vinākṛte | bhrātṛbhyāṃ ca parityakte sarvalokasya cāpriye ||

Translation

その罪—汝が固く狙い定めて為したもの—は我が身に降りかかった。父を失い、兄弟にも見捨てられ、世の人々すべてに疎まれる者となった。

Word by Word

• yat-pradhānā: having that as the main aim
• yat-pradhānā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + pradhāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular; tatpuruṣa: yat pradhānam asyāḥ (having that as the chief aim)

• asi: are
• asi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (अस् धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 2nd person, Singular

• tat: that
• tat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st), Singular; demonstrative pronoun

• pāpam: (is) sin
• pāpam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular; predicate with tat

• mayi: in me / upon me
• mayi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Locative (7th), Singular

• pitrā: by the father
• pitrā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular

• vinā: without
• vinā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vinā (अव्यय)
• Form: Preposition-like indeclinable (उपपद-अव्यय) governing instrumental/accusative; here with pitrā

• kṛte: done, made
• kṛte: Kāla/Prakāra (काल/प्रकार)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (कृ धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past participle used as locative absolute-like (सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध/उपपद); Neuter, Locative, Singular; 'when/after (it was) done'

• bhrātṛbhyām: by the two brothers
• bhrātṛbhyām: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Dual (द्विवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• parityakte: (when) abandoned
• parityakte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari + √tyaj (त्यज् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past participle (क्त), Masculine, Locative, Singular; agrees with mayi; 'when I was abandoned'

• sarva-lokasya: of all the people/world
• sarva-lokasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular; tatpuruṣa: sarvasya lokasya

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• apriye: (when) not dear
• apriye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: apriya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular; agrees with mayi; 'when I became not dear'

Context

The sin you have committed with a particular objective has affected me and (as a result) I am left without my father. I am abandoned by my brothers. I am hated by every one in this entire world.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kaikeyi
• Daśaratha
• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Adharma harms not only the doer but also the innocent: Bharata highlights how a wrongful, self-serving act produces social and familial rupture.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata laments that Kaikeyi’s actions have left him bereft of his father and estranged from Rama and the wider public.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s integrity and concern for public moral order (loka-maryādā), not merely personal loss.