Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 69, Shloka 5

भरतस्य दुःस्वप्नदर्शनम्

Bharata’s Ominous Dream

Devanagari script

स तैर्महात्मा भरतस्सखिभिः प्रियवादिभिः।गोष्ठीहास्यानि कुर्वद्भिर्न प्राहृष्यत राघवः।।।।

Transliteration

sa tair mahātmā bharatas sakhibhiḥ priyavādibhiḥ |

goṣṭhīhāsyāni kurvadbhir na prāhṛṣyata rāghavaḥ ||

Translation

しかし大いなるバラタ、ラグ族の裔は、言葉やさしい友らが交わす座談と冗談にも、少しも心躍らなかった。

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्ता (Bharata)

• taiḥ: with those
• taiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारि/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, तृतीया, बहुवचन; सहकारक

• mahātmā: great-souled
• mahātmā: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय ('mahān ātmā'), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (saḥ/bharataḥ)

• bharataḥ: Bharata
• bharataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्ता

• sakhibhiḥ: with friends
• sakhibhiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारि/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sakhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; सहकारक

• priyavādibhiḥ: with sweet-speaking (friends)
• priyavādibhiḥ: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: priya + vādin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष ('priyaṃ vadanti'), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (sakhibhiḥ)

• goṣṭhīhāsyāni: conversations and jokes
• goṣṭhīhāsyāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: goṣṭhī + hāsya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व (copulative: 'goṣṭhī ca hāsyāni ca'), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; कर्म (object of kurvadbhiḥ as activity)

• kurvadbhiḥ: by (them) doing
• kurvadbhiḥ: Karana (करणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; करण/सह (by those doing)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधाव्यय

• prāhṛṣyata: was delighted
• prāhṛṣyata: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-hṛṣ (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• rāghavaḥ: Raghava (descendant of Raghu)
• rāghavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समानाधिकरण (apposition to bharataḥ)

Context

In order to provide mental peace to Bharata, some played stringed instruments while some enacted dramatic scenes, some danced and cracked various kinds of jokes.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Raghu dynasty (Rāghava)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes integrity toward one’s inner state: when grief is rooted in serious moral and familial concerns, superficial diversion cannot replace truthful reflection and responsible action.

What is the narrative situation?

Despite friends trying to amuse him with conversation and jokes, Bharata remains unable to feel happiness.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Depth of feeling and sincerity—Bharata’s mind does not accept easy entertainment when a grave concern weighs on him.