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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 64, Shloka 54

शब्दवेध्य-अनर्थः, ऋषिशापः, दशरथस्य प्राणत्यागः

The Sound-Target Tragedy, the Sage’s Curse, and Dasaratha’s Death

Devanagari script

त्वया तु यदविज्ञानान्निहतो मे सुतश्शुचिः।तेन त्वामभिशप्स्यामि सुदुःखमतिदारुणम्।।।।

Transliteration

tvayā tu yad avijñānān nihato me sutaḥ śuciḥ | tena tvām abhiśapsyāmi suduḥkham atidāruṇam ||

Translation

あなたは無知ゆえに私の清らかな心を持つ息子を殺したが、まさにその理由によって、私はあなたに激しく恐ろしい悲しみの災いを以て呪いをかけよう。

Word by Word
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Kartr-karana (कर्ता-करण/agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया, एकवचन; instrumental singular
तुindeed
तु:
Sambandha/Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात
यत्since
यत्:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formहेतौ अव्ययीभूत (since/because)
अविज्ञानात्out of ignorance
अविज्ञानात्:
Hetu/Apadana (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootअ (नञ्) + विज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन; ablative singular ‘from ignorance’
निहतःwas killed
निहतः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; predicate with सुतः
मेmy
मे:
Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-एकवचन (enclitic); genitive singular
सुतःson
सुतः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; nominative singular
शुचिःpure-hearted
शुचिः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; adjective of सुतः
तेनtherefore
तेन:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया-एकवचन रूप used adverbially ‘therefore/for that reason’
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया, एकवचन; accusative singular
अभिशप्स्यामिI will curse
अभिशप्स्यामि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-शप् (धातु)
Formलृट् (भविष्यत्), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; future 1st sg
सुदुःखम्very sorrowful
सुदुःखम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय: सुतरां दुःखम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; object-complement of अभिशप्स्यामि (curse as ‘very grievous’)
अतिदारुणम्extremely dreadful
अतिदारुणम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति (अव्यय) + दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय: अत्यन्तं दारुणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; further qualifier of curse
Context

'Though you have killed my pure-hearted son unintentionally, I will pronounce a disastrous and dreadful curse on you.

Characters & Entities
D
Daśaratha
A
ascetic (tāpasa)

FAQs

Dharma recognizes that even unintended wrongdoing can carry consequences; moral order responds not only to intention but also to the harm inflicted.

The ascetic acknowledges the killing was unintentional, yet declares he will curse Daśaratha due to the devastating result.

Moral discernment paired with severity: the ascetic distinguishes intent (ignorance) from outcome (death) while enforcing consequence.

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