Valmiki Ramayana 2.59.10: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 59, Shloka 10

एकोनषष्ठितमः सर्गः (Sarga 59): सुमन्त्रवाक्यं, अयोध्याविषादः, दाशरथिशोकसागरः

Devanagari script

न च सर्पन्ति सत्त्वानि व्यासा न प्रचरन्ति च।रामशोकाभिभूतं तन्निष्कूजमभवद्वनम्।।2.59.10।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.59.10

Transliteration

na ca sarpanti sattvāni vyālā na pracaranti ca |

rāma-śokābhibhūtaṃ tan niṣkūjam abhavad vanam ||

Translation

生きものは動かず、猛獣さえももはや徘徊しなかった。その森は、まるでラーマへの悲しみに打ちひしがれたかのように、物音ひとつない沈黙となった。

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Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चय/अन्वय)

• sarpanti: move/creep
• sarpanti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √sṛp (सृप् धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• sattvāni: living beings
• sattvāni: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sattva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• vyālāḥ: wild beasts
• vyālāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• pracaranti: roam/range
• pracaranti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√car (चर् धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• rāma-śoka-abhibhūtam: overcome by grief for Rama
• rāma-śoka-abhibhūtam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक) + śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + abhibhūta (कृदन्त; abhi-√bhū भू, क्त)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with vanam; ‘overpowered by grief for Rama’

• tat: that
• tat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative

• niṣkūjam: silent (without sounds)
• niṣkūjam: Karma (कर्म/predicate complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niṣkūja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective with abhavat

• abhavat: became
• abhavat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• vanam: forest
• vanam: Karma (कर्म/object of ‘became’ as predicate subject in Sanskrit usage)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

No living being move about and even wild animals roam no more. Overwhelmed with grief on account of Rama a great silence pervades the forest.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• forest (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It conveys that dharma is not merely personal but cosmic-social: when a righteous figure is wronged or removed, harmony appears disturbed, mirrored poetically in nature’s silence.

What is the narrative situation?

Sumantra describes the eerie stillness of the forest associated with Rāma’s departure, as if all beings share the sorrow.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s moral stature: his presence is portrayed as so dharmic that its absence affects the world around him.