Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 52, Shloka 71

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

Devanagari script

ततो वैखानसं मार्गमास्थितः सह लक्ष्मणः।व्रतमादिष्टवान् रामः सखायं गुहमब्रवीत्।।2.52.71।।

Transliteration

tato vaikhānasaṃ mārgam āsthitaḥ saha lakṣmaṇaḥ | vratam ādiṣṭavān rāmaḥ sakhāyaṃ guham abravīt || 2.52.71 ||

Translation

それからラーマはラクシュマナとともにヴァイカーナサの苦行の道に入り、誓戒を受けて、友グハに語りかけた。

Word by Word

• ततः: thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable), क्रम/अनन्तरवाचक (thereafter)

• वैखानसम्: Vaikhānasa (ascetic)
• वैखानसम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वैखानस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); मार्गम् विशेषयति (qualifies ‘path’)

• मार्गम्: path
• मार्गम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• आस्थितः: having taken to
• आस्थितः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोग (active sense): ‘having resorted to/undertaken’

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahakari (सहकारी/Accompaniment)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सह-योगे अव्यय (indeclinable of accompaniment)

• लक्ष्मणः: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणः: Sahakari (सहकारी/Companion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• व्रतम्: vow
• व्रतम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• आदिष्टवान्: having undertaken (as enjoined)
• आदिष्टवान्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-दिश् (धातु)
• Form: क्तवत्-प्रत्ययान्त (perfective past active participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘having been instructed/appointed/undertaken as enjoined’ (contextual)

• रामः: Rama
• रामः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• सखायम्: friend
• सखायम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• गुहम्: Guha
• गुहम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (Singular); सखायम् इति विशेषण-सम्बन्ध (apposition)

• अब्रवीत्: said
• अब्रवीत्: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

Context

Having adopted the path of ascetics along with Lakshmana, Rama said to his friend Guha:

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Guha
• vrata (vow)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is living by vrata (solemn commitment): Rāma consciously adopts an ascetic code and then communicates responsibly with allies.

What is the narrative situation?

Having assumed ascetic discipline with Lakṣmaṇa, Rāma prepares to give counsel to Guha before proceeding onward.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Integrity in vows—Rāma’s actions show alignment between intention (vrata) and conduct (mārga).