Valmiki Ramayana 2.50.48 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 50, Shloka 48

गङ्गादर्शनम् तथा गुहसमागमः

Vision of the Gaṅgā and Meeting with Guha

Devanagari script

ततश्चीरोत्तरासङ्गः सन्ध्यामन्वास्य पश्चिमाम्।जलमेवाददे भोज्यं लक्ष्मणेनाऽऽहृतं स्वयम्।।2.50.48।।

Transliteration

tataś cīrottarāsaṅgaḥ sandhyām anvāsya paścimām |

jalam evādade bhojyaṃ lakṣmaṇenāhṛtaṃ svayam || 2.50.48 ||

Translation

それから樹皮の上衣をまとい、夕べのサンディヤーの作法を修めた。口にしたのはただ水のみで、それはラクシュマナが自ら汲んで来たものであった。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, temporal adverb

• cīrottarāsaṅgaḥ: (he) with an upper cloth of bark/cloth (upper robe)
• cīrottarāsaṅgaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cīra-uttara-āsaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (cīra as upper garment + uttara + āsaṅga ‘draped upper cloth’)

• sandhyām: the twilight (sandhyā)
• sandhyām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sandhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• anvāsya: having performed
• anvāsya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-√ās (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund), ‘having performed/observed’ (sandhyā-upāsanā)

• paścimām: evening/western
• paścimām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: paścima (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; qualifies sandhyām

• jalam: water
• jalam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• eva: only
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), emphasis ‘only/indeed’

• ādade: he took/partook
• ādade: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• bhojyam: as food
• bhojyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhojya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; predicate/object complement to jalam

• lakṣmaṇena: by Lakshmana
• lakṣmaṇena: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन

• āhṛtam: brought
• āhṛtam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√hṛ (धातु)
• Form: कृत (Past Passive Participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; qualifies jalam/bhojyam

• svayam: himself
• svayam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, reflexive adverb ‘himself’

Context

Rama wearing the upper garment then offered oblations to Sandhya and partook of only water as refreshment, brought by Lakshmana.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakṣmaṇa
• sandhyā (evening rite)
• water (jala)
• bark-cloth (cīra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is daily fidelity to duty (sandhyā) even in hardship; spiritual discipline continues despite exile.

What is the narrative situation?

As night approaches, Rama performs the evening observance and accepts only water, signifying austerity.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Niṣṭhā (steadfast practice) and simplicity.