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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 2

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः

The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

निवर्तितेऽपि च बलात्सुहृद्वर्गे च राजनि।नैव ते संन्यवर्तन्त रामस्यानुगता रथम्।।।।

nivartite ’pi ca balāt suhṛdvarge ca rājani |

naiva te saṃnyavartanta rāmasyānugatā ratham ||

王と友の一団が力ずくで引き返させられても、ラーマに従った者たちは少しも戻らず、なおラーマの車の後を追い続けた。

nivartiteeven when (they were) turned back
nivartite:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative absolute)
TypeAdjective
Rootni-√vṛt (धातु; वृत्त्/वृत्)
FormSaptamī (Loc, 7th), Ekavacana; kta (past passive participle) used in locative absolute sense: 'when (they were) turned back'
apieven/though
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (particle) expressing concession
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya (conjunction)
balātforcibly
balāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग/पुं (commonly neuter in sense), Pañcamī (Abl, 5th), Ekavacana; adverbial ablative
suhṛdvargein the group of friends
suhṛdvarge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsuhṛd-varga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; तत्पुरुष: suhṛdāṃ vargaḥ (group of friends)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya (conjunction)
rājani(even) when the king (was involved) / in the king's case
rājani:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNiṣedha (negation particle)
evaindeed/at all
eva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvadhāraṇa (emphatic particle)
tethey/those (people)
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
saṃnyavartantaturned back/returned
saṃnyavartanta:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ni-√vṛt (धातु; वृत्त्/वृत्)
FormLaṅ (Imperfect), Ātmanepada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Bahuvacana
rāmasyaof Rama
rāmasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (Gen, 6th), Ekavacana
anugatāḥhaving followed
anugatāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; qualifier of te)
TypeAdjective
Rootanu-√gam (धातु; गम्)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; kta (past active sense here): 'having followed'
rathamthe chariot
ratham:
Karma (कर्म; object of anugatāḥ in sense 'followed the chariot')
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

All animals, especially horses have a keen sense of hearing. Therefore, having listened to our entreaty, turn back.

R
Rama
T
the King (Daśaratha)
C
chariot

FAQs

The verse highlights steadfast loyalty to dharma and to a righteous person: people remain committed to Rama despite royal orders, implying that moral authority can outweigh coercive power.

As Rama proceeds toward exile, the king and others are compelled to go back, but many followers continue trailing Rama’s chariot.

The followers’ steadfast devotion and moral resolve; implicitly, Rama’s worthiness that inspires such adherence.