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Valmiki Ramayana 2.43.21Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 43, Shloka 21

कौशल्याविलापः

Kausalya’s Lament and the Vision of Rama’s Return

अयं हि मां दीपयते समुत्थितःतनूजशोकप्रभवो हुताशनः।महीमिमां रश्मिभिरुद्धतप्रभःयथा निदाघे भगवान् दिवाकरः।।।।

ayaṃ hi māṃ dīpayate samutthitaḥ

tanūjaśokaprabhavo hutāśanaḥ |

mahīm imāṃ raśmibhir uddhataprabhaḥ

yathā nidāghe bhagavān divākaraḥ ||

わが子を思う悲しみから生まれ、今や燃え上がるこの火は、わたしを焼き尽くします。まるで盛夏に、神なる太陽が激しい光線で大地を灼くように。

अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphasis)
माम्me
माम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
दीपयतेburns/torments
दीपयते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dīp (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्; causative sense ‘burns/torments’
समुत्थितःarisen
समुत्थितः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam-ut-√sthā (धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of हुताशनः)
तनूज-शोक-प्रभवःborn from grief for (my) son
तनूज-शोक-प्रभवः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottanūja (प्रातिपदिक) + śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + prabhava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (तनूजस्य शोकात् प्रभवः)
हुताशनःfire
हुताशनः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roothutāśana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
महीम्the earth
महीम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootmahī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
इमाम्this
इमाम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of महीम्)
रश्मिभिःwith rays
रश्मिभिः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootraśmi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
उद्धत-प्रभःof intense radiance
उद्धत-प्रभः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootuddhata (प्रातिपदिक) + prabhā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (उद्धता प्रभा यस्य)
यथाjust as
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/comparison)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक-अव्यय (as/just as)
निदाघेin summer
निदाघे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootnidāgha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
भगवान्glorious/divine
भगवान्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of दिवाकरः)
दिवाकरःthe sun
दिवाकरः:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootdivākara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उपमान (standard)

My mighty-armed son, a great archer and a hero, Rama whose gait is like that of the king of elephants, must be entering the forest along with his consort Sita and Lakshmana.

R
Rama (as son: tanūja)
F
Fire (hutāśana)
S
Sun (divākara)
E
Earth (mahī)

FAQs

Dharma is not merely rule-keeping; it requires compassion and truth-aware governance. When truth and fairness are distorted, the resulting sorrow burns like fire—an ethical consequence that spreads beyond the immediate act.

Kausalya poetically describes the intensity of her grief after Rama’s departure, comparing it to summer heat scorching the earth.

The verse emphasizes Kausalya’s sincerity and depth of feeling; her grief also reflects Rama’s worth—only a profoundly virtuous son could create such a sense of loss.

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