Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 40, Shloka 14

प्रयाणवर्णनम्

Departure from Ayodhya; Civic Lament and the Chariot’s Urgency

Devanagari script

अथो ज्वलनसङ्काशं चामीकरविभूषितम्।तमारुरुहतुस्तूर्णं भ्रातरौ रामलक्ष्मणौ।।।।

Transliteration

atho jvalana-saṅkāśaṃ cāmīkara-vibhūṣitam | tam āruruhatus tūrṇaṃ bhrātarau rāma-lakṣmaṇau ||

Translation

その後、兄弟ラーマとラクシュマナは、黄金に飾られ火のごとく輝くその車に、ただちに乗り上がった。

Word by Word

• अथो: then/thereupon
• अथो: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha + u (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; discourse particle (अनन्तरार्थक)

• ज्वलनसङ्काशम्: blazing-fire-like
• ज्वलनसङ्काशम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jvalana-saṅkāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (उपमान: ज्वलन इव सङ्काशः), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण of रथम् (understood)

• चामीकरविभूषितम्: adorned with gold
• चामीकरविभूषितम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: cāmīkara-vibhūṣita (विभूष् धातु + क्त, कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (चामीकरेण विभूषितम्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; qualifies रथम्

• तम्: that (chariot)
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; refers to chariot

• आरुरुहतुः: the two ascended
• आरुरुहतुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-ruh (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, द्विवचन

• तूर्णम्: quickly
• तूर्णम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative)

• भ्रातरौ: the two brothers
• भ्रातरौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन

• रामलक्ष्मणौ: Rama and Lakshmana
• रामलक्ष्मणौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma + lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (रामश्च लक्ष्मणश्च), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; apposition to भ्रातरौ

Context

Father-in-law (Dasaratha) gave clothes and ornaments on the assessment of the number of years Sita was going to spend in the forest with her husband.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• chariot

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Prompt, resolute action in the path of duty: once the dharmic course is accepted, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa proceed without hesitation.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa board the chariot as the departure from Ayodhyā for exile begins.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Steadfastness (dhṛti) and readiness to act in accordance with a chosen vow.