Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 1

त्रयस्त्रिंशः सर्गः

Civic Lament and Rama’s Dutiful Approach to Daśaratha

Devanagari script

दत्त्वा तु सह वैदेह्या ब्राह्मणेभ्यो धनं बहु।जग्मतुः पितरं द्रष्टुं सीतया सह राघवौ।।।।

Transliteration

dattvā tu saha vaidehyā brāhmaṇebhyo dhanaṃ bahu | jagmatuḥ pitaraṃ draṣṭuṃ sītayā saha rāghavau ||

Translation

ヴァイデーヒーとともにブラーフマナたちへ多くの財を施したのち、二人のラाघヴァはシーターを伴い、父ダシャラタに会うために出立した。

Word by Word

• दत्त्वा: having given
• दत्त्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (धातु) + त्वा (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive); अर्थः ‘having given’

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: सम्बन्ध (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/अनुवादार्थ

• सह: together with
• सह: सहकारक (accompaniment marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सहार्थक-अव्यय (with), सह-योगे तृतीया अपेक्षा

• वैदेह्या: with Vaidehi (Sita)
• वैदेह्या: सह (Sahārtha/companion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैदेही (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Feminine Instrumental Singular); सह-योगे

• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः: to the brahmins
• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Dative Plural)

• धनम्: wealth
• धनम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• बहु: much, plentiful
• बहु: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; धनम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• जग्मतुः: the two went
• जग्मतुः: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, द्विवचन

• पितरम्: father
• पितरम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• द्रष्टुम्: to see
• द्रष्टुम्: प्रयोजन (purpose)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु) + तुमुन् (कृदन्त)
• Form: तुमुनन्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (infinitive); प्रयोजन (purpose)

• सीतया: with Sita
• सीतया: सह (companion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सह-योगे

• सह: together with
• सह: सहकारक (accompaniment marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सहार्थक-अव्यय

• राघवौ: the two Raghavas (Rama and Lakshmana)
• राघवौ: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन (Nominative Dual)

Context

After giving away plenty of wealth to brahmins in charity, Rama and Lakshmana along with Sita set out to see their father, king Dasaratha.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sītā (Vaidehī)
• brāhmaṇas
• Daśaratha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown through dāna and social responsibility: before embracing exile, the royal household discharges obligations to the religious and social order through charity.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, with Sītā, complete acts of giving and then proceed to meet King Daśaratha in the unfolding exile crisis.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s steadiness in dharma—acting properly (charity, decorum, duty) even when personally wronged.