Valmiki Ramayana 2.16.33 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 16, Shloka 33

सुमन्त्रदर्शनम् तथा रामस्य राजदर्शनाय प्रस्थानम्

Sumantra Meets Rama; Rama Departs to See the King

Devanagari script

ततो हलहलाशब्दस्तुमुलस्समजायत।।।।तस्य निष्क्रममाणस्य जनौघस्य समन्ततः।

Transliteration

tato halahalāśabdas tumulas samajāyata |

tasya niṣkramamāṇasya janaughasya samantataḥ ||

Translation

そのとき彼が出立すると、四方の群衆から「ハー、ハー！」という大きなどよめきが轟き起こった。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla-avyaya

• haya-varāḥ: excellent horses
• haya-varāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: haya (प्रातिपदिक) + vara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; karmadhāraya = varāḥ hayāḥ; subject of anujagmuḥ

• mukhyāḥ: chief, foremost
• mukhyāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mukhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; adjective qualifying haya-varāḥ and/or nāgāḥ

• nāgāḥ: elephants
• nāgāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; subject of anujagmuḥ

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-avyaya

• giri-sannibhāḥ: mountain-like
• giri-sannibhāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: giri (प्रातिपदिक) + sannibha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa = giri-sadṛśāḥ; adjective qualifying nāgāḥ

• anujagmuḥ: followed
• anujagmuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu + √gam (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ (लिट्) perfect; 3rd person, Bahuvacana; parasmaipada

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla-avyaya (temporal adverb)

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; object of anujagmuḥ

• śataśaḥ: by hundreds
• śataśaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: śataśas (अव्यय)
• Form: Saṅkhyā-prakāra-avyaya (distributive adverb)

• atha: and then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Anantarya/saṅgati-avyaya (then/and)

• sahasraśaḥ: by thousands
• sahasraśaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasraśas (अव्यय)
• Form: Saṅkhyā-prakāra-avyaya

Context

Holding an umbrella and a fan made of yak's tail in his hand Lakshmana boarded the chariot at the rear, guarding his brother.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It reflects the reciprocal bond of dharma between ruler and people: the public’s intense response signals collective concern and emotional investment in righteous leadership.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāma’s chariot departs, the surrounding populace erupts in a loud, tumultuous outcry.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Not a single virtue of one character, but civic loyalty—people’s attachment to a virtuous prince and their sensitivity to events affecting dharma in the kingdom.