Valmiki Ramayana 2.105.39: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 39

भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

Devanagari script

एते बहुविधा शोका विलापरुदिते तथा।

वर्जनीया हि धीरेण सर्वावस्थासु धीमता।।2.105.39।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.105.39

Transliteration

ete bahuvidhāḥ śokā vilāparudite tathā | varjanīyā hi dhīreṇa sarvāvasthāsu dhīmatā || 2.105.39 ||

Translation

このようなさまざまな悲しみ、嘆き、そして涙は、いかなる境遇にあっても、堅忍にして賢明な者が避けるべきものである。

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Word by Word

• एते: these
• एते: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• बहुविधाः: many kinds of
• बहुविधाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहुविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (शोकाः)

• शोकाः: griefs
• शोकाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• विलापरुदिते: lamentation and weeping
• विलापरुदिते: अनुयोगी/समुच्चित (co-ordinated item with śokāḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विलाप + रुदित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (विलापश्च रुदितं च); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन (Dual) (epic usage; as 'lamentation and crying')

• तथा: also
• तथा: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: likewise/also)

• वर्जनीयाः: should be avoided
• वर्जनीयाः: विधेय (predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृज्/वर्ज् (धातु) + अनीयर् (कृदन्त)
• Form: अनीयर्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive: 'to be avoided'), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विधेय-विशेषणम् (of एते शोकाः)

• हि: indeed
• हि: निपात (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निश्चयार्थक-निपात

• धीरेण: by the steadfast (person)
• धीरेण: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent-instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक (by the steadfast one)

• सर्वावस्थासु: in all situations
• सर्वावस्थासु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व + अवस्था (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (सर्वासु अवस्थासु); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन

• धीमता: by the wise (man)
• धीमता: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent-instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक (by the wise one)

Context

A wise man, holding on to his fortitude in all circumstances, should avoid such occasions of grief, these words of lamentation and this crying.

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma demands steadiness: the wise restrain excessive sorrow and lament, maintaining clarity to fulfill duty even amid loss.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata generalizes his counsel into a principle: wise persons avoid indulgence in grief and crying.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Dhairya (fortitude) and dhī (discernment): emotional discipline as a mark of wisdom.