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Shloka 38

दूषणवधः

The Slaying of Dūṣaṇa and the Rout of Khara’s Host

ततस्तु तद्भीमबलं महाहवे समीक्ष्य रामेण हतं बलीयसा।रथेन रामं महता खरस्तदा समाससादेन्द्र इवोद्यताशनिः।।।।

tatas tu tad bhīmabalaṁ mahāhave samīkṣya rāmeṇa hataṁ balīyasā | rathena rāmaṁ mahatā kharas tadā samāsasāda indra ivodyatāśaniḥ ||

そのときカラは、大戦において自らの恐るべき軍勢が、より強大なるラーマに討ち滅ぼされたのを見て、巨大な戦車に乗りラーマへ迫った。さながら雷槍を掲げて近づくインドラのごとく。

tataḥthereafter
tataḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) of time
tubut/then
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), particle/conjunction (निपात)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative used adjectivally
bhīma-balamthe formidable force/army
bhīma-balam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhīma (प्रातिपदिक) + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारयः ‘भīmaṃ balaṃ yasya/tad’
mahāhavein the great battle
mahāhave:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmahāhava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुषः (mahān + āhavaḥ)
samīkṣyahaving seen
samīkṣya:
Kriyā (क्रिया; prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-īkṣ (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त), ‘having seen/observed’
rāmeṇaby Rama
rāmeṇa:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
hatamkilled/slain
hatam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roothan (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Past Passive Participle (क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with bhīma-balam
balīyasāby the stronger/mightier one
balīyasā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbalīyas (प्रातिपदिक; comparative of balin)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); comparative (तरप्-प्रत्यय) used as qualifier of rāmeṇa
rathenaby/with a chariot
rathena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
rāmamRama
rāmam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
mahatāwith a great (chariot)
mahatā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies rathena
kharaḥKhara
kharaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkhara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
tadāthen
tadā:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), adverb (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)
samāsasādaapproached/attacked
samāsasāda:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ā-sad (धातु)
FormLaṅ (लङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); perfective sense ‘approached/assailed’
indraḥIndra
indraḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootindra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); upamāna (standard of comparison)
ivalike
iva:
Upamā (उपमा-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), particle of comparison (उपमावाचक निपात)
udyata-aśaniḥ(one) with raised thunderbolt
udyata-aśaniḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootudyata (धातु: ud-yam, क्त) + aśani (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहिः ‘udyatā aśaniḥ yasya saḥ’ = ‘one whose thunderbolt is raised’

Overpowered by anger, Rama, with a blazing glow, covered Dusana and his army with his arrows.

K
Khara
R
Rama
I
Indra
T
Thunderbolt (aśani)

FAQs

Leaders bear responsibility: when an army’s wrongdoing fails, its commander must personally face the consequences of aggression.

Khara, witnessing the destruction of his forces, charges forward to confront Rama directly in his chariot.

Rama’s superior strength is acknowledged; Khara’s boldness is shown, though aligned with adharma in this episode.