Shloka 16

उत्पातदर्शनं खरसैन्यसमागमश्च

Omens of calamity and the approach of Khara’s army

Devanagari script

तस्मिन्प्रविष्टे तु गुहां लक्ष्मणे सह सीतया।हन्त निर्युक्तमित्युक्त्वा रामः कवचमाविशत्।।।।

Transliteration

tasmin praviṣṭe tu guhāṃ lakṣmaṇe saha sītayā | hanta niryuktam ity uktvā rāmaḥ kavacam āviśat ||

Translation

ラクシュマナがシーターとともに洞窟へ入ると、ラーマは「よし、備えは整った」と言い、ついで鎧を身にまとった。

Word by Word

• तस्मिन्: when/thereupon
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन; ‘when/in that (time)’

• प्रविष्टे: (he) having entered
• प्रविष्टे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative absolute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र + विश् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (PPP/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute) with ‘तस्मिन्’

• तु: then
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात

• गुहाम्: into the cave
• गुहाम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुहा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• लक्ष्मणे: when Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative absolute)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी-अङ्ग (in the locative absolute construction)

• सह: with
• सह: Sahartha (सहार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सह-अव्यय (with), तृतीया अपेक्षा

• सीतया: with Sita
• सीतया: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; ‘सह’ इत्यस्य योगे

• हन्त: well!/indeed!
• हन्त: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Exclamation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हन्त (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्गार-अव्यय (interjection/exclamation)

• निर्युक्तम्: the task is set/accomplished
• निर्युक्तम्: Pratijna/Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर् + युक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (PPP/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘(कार्यं) निर्युक्तम्’ = accomplished/arranged

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण-निपात (quotative particle)

• उक्त्वा: having said
• उक्त्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), ‘having said’

• रामः: Rama
• रामः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• कवचम्: armor
• कवचम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवच (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आविशत्: put on/entered
• आविशत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + विश् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; अर्थे ‘प्राविशत्/धारयामास’ (entered/put on)

Context

With Lakshmana and Sita inside the cave, Rama heaved his shield, saying, Oh! the work is accomplished.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Sita
• cave (guhā)
• armor (kavaca)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma requires orderly prioritization: first secure the protected person (Sītā), then face danger with full preparedness.

What is the narrative situation?

After ensuring Sītā’s safety inside the cave, Rama equips himself with armor to confront the approaching threat.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Strategic responsibility—Rama acts with calm sequencing and martial readiness.