Dvādaśī-vrata: Month-by-month Viṣṇu Worship and the Year-End Udyāpana
नारायण परो भूत्वा स्वयं भुञ्जीत वाग्यतः । इति यः कुरुते भक्त्या केशवार्चनमुत्तमम् ॥ २३ ॥
nārāyaṇa paro bhūtvā svayaṃ bhuñjīta vāgyataḥ | iti yaḥ kurute bhaktyā keśavārcanamuttamam || 23 ||
全身全霊でナーラーヤナに帰依し、言葉を慎んで、規律をもって自ら食を受けよ。かくしてバクティをもってケーシャヴァへの最上の礼拝を行う者の供養は、まことに勝れている。
Sanatkumara (teaching Narada the discipline of Vishnu-bhakti and worship)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: bhakti
Secondary Rasa: shanta
It teaches that Keśava-worship becomes “uttama” (supreme) when grounded in single-pointed devotion to Nārāyaṇa and supported by inner discipline—especially restraint of speech and mindful conduct even in eating.
Bhakti here is not only ritual offering but a transformed orientation—“nārāyaṇa-para”—expressed through self-control (vāk-yama) and regulated living, showing that devotion is both love and disciplined practice.
The verse emphasizes ritual discipline (niyama) and purity of conduct during worship—closely aligned with Kalpa (rules of ritual procedure) and Śikṣā-like attention to controlled speech (vāk-saṃyama) as part of sacred practice.