Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 2

Pāpa-bheda, Naraka-yātanā, Mahāpātaka-vicāra, Atonement Limits, Daśa-vidhā Bhakti, and Gaṅgā as Final Remedy

Devanagari script

पापिनो ये दुरात्मानो नरकाग्निषु सन्ततम् । पच्यन्ते येषु तान्वक्ष्ये भयंकरफलप्रदान् ॥ २ ॥

Transliteration

pāpino ye durātmāno narakāgniṣu santatam | pacyante yeṣu tānvakṣye bhayaṃkaraphalapradān || 2 ||

Translation

罪人ども、邪なる心の者は、地獄の火において絶えず煮えたぎらされる。私は、その恐るべき果報を与える火焔について説き明かそう。

Word by Word

• pāpinaḥ: sinners
• pāpinaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ye: who
• ye: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; relative)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun

• durātmānaḥ: evil-souled ones
• durātmānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; appositive to pāpinaḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dur-ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); कर्मधारय: ‘duṣṭa ātmā’

• naraka-agniṣu: in the fires of hell
• naraka-agniṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: naraka (प्रातिपदिक) + agni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘fires of hell’

• santatam: continually
• santatam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: santata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative used as avyaya (क्रियाविशेषण; ‘constantly’)

• pacyante: are cooked/tormented
• pacyante: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pac (पच् धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• yeṣu: in which
• yeṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; in which)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun

• tān: those (hells)
• tān: Karma (कर्म; object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• vakṣye: I shall describe
• vakṣye: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: Simple Future (लृट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 1st Person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhayaṃkara-phala-pradān: bestowing terrifying results
• bhayaṃkara-phala-pradān: Karma-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्मसमानाधिकरण; object complement to tān)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhayaṃkara (प्रातिपदिक) + phala (प्रातिपदिक) + prada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘giving fruits that are fearsome’ / ‘bestowing terrifying results’

Speaker

Unspecified narrator/speaker (first-person: “I shall describe”).

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Characters & Entities

• {'entity': 'naraka', 'type': 'place/concept', 'note': 'hell (a realm of punishment in Indic cosmology)'}
• {'entity': 'agni', 'type': 'element/concept', 'note': 'fire; here, the fires of hell'}
• {'entity': 'pāpinaḥ', 'type': 'group', 'note': 'sinners'}
• {'entity': 'durātmānaḥ', 'type': 'group', 'note': 'evil-minded persons'}

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