Shloka 42

Adhyaya 83 — The Slaying of Mahishasura’s Armies and the Final Death of Mahishasura

Sanskrit

त्रैलोक्यस्थैस्तदा भूतैर्महिषे विनिपातिते ।

जयेत्युक्तं ततः सर्वैः सदेवासुरमानवैः ॥

Transliteration

trailokyasthais tadā bhūtair mahiṣe vinipātite / jayet y uktaṃ tataḥ sarvaiḥ sadevāsuramānavaiḥ

Translation

そしてマヒシャが倒れると、三界のあらゆる存在が「勝利あれ！」と唱えた――神々も、アスラも、人間も。

Word by Word

• trai-lokya-sthaiḥ: by the beings dwelling in the three worlds
• trai-lokya-sthaiḥ: Kartr̥-sahakārī (कर्ता-सहकारी/Agent-associate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tri (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक) + stha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष/locative determinative): ‘त्रैलोक्ये स्थाः’ = those dwelling in the three worlds

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (temporal adverb)

• bhūtaiḥ: by beings/creatures
• bhūtaiḥ: Kartr̥-sahakārī (कर्ता-सहकारी/Agent-associate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• mahiṣe: when/with Mahisha (being)
• mahiṣe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahiṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; (सप्तमी absolute construction with participle)

• vi-nipātite: (when) felled
• vi-nipātite: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Absolute clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-ni-√pat (धातु) → vinipātita (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; कृदन्तः—क्त (past passive participle) used in सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध/locative absolute: ‘when he had been felled’

• jaya: victory
• jaya: Karma (कर्म/Content of speech)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उक्ति-विषय (quoted word)

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इति-शब्दः (quotative particle)

• uktam: was uttered/said
• uktam: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु) → ukta (कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कृदन्तः—क्त (past passive participle): ‘was said’

• tataḥ: thereupon
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल/Sequence)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; ततोऽर्थे (from then/thereupon)

• sarvaiḥ: by all
• sarvaiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Agent of saying)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; सर्व-शब्दः (all)

• sa-deva-asura-mānavaiḥ: by gods, demons, and humans together
• sa-deva-asura-mānavaiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Agent of saying)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sa (अव्यय/सह) + deva (प्रातिपदिक) + asura (प्रातिपदिक) + mānava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समासः (copulative): ‘देवाश्च असुराश्च मानवाश्च’ with ‘sa-’ = ‘together with’; instrumental plural

Speakers

• Ṛṣi narrating (within Devi Mahatmyam frame)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devī
• Devas (collective)

Shakti Aspects

• Devī as universal sovereign (victory acclaimed by all orders of beings)

Key Themes

• Shaktism
• Universal recognition of Devī’s supremacy
• Cosmic relief after tyranny

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

When oppression ends, even those previously aligned with conflict acknowledge the reestablished order. True victory is the restoration of balance, not mere domination.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

A concluding narrative affirmation within devī-upākhyāna; it underlines dharma’s social-cosmic dimension rather than cosmography or lineage.

What is the esoteric significance?

The acclamation ‘jaya’ by diverse beings hints that inner victory harmonizes conflicting tendencies (daiva/asuric/manuṣya) within the psyche under the rule of śakti.