Shloka 39
Adhyaya 77 — Shumbha and Nishumbha
Sanskrit
दिवाकरः समाधिस्थो वडवारूपधारिणीम् ।
तपश्चरन्तीं ददृशे उत्तरेषु कुरुष्वथ ॥
Transliteration
divākaraḥ samādhistho vaḍavā-rūpa-dhāriṇīm / tapaś carantīṃ dadṛśe uttareṣu kuruṣv atha
Translation
ディヴァーカラ（太陽神）は三昧の集中に没しつつ、北方のクル族の地において、牝馬の姿を帯びて苦行を修する彼女を見た。
Word by Word
दिवाकरःthe Sun (Divākara)
दिवाकरः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootदिवाकर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
समाधिस्थःsituated in meditation
समाधिस्थः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (Agent-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसमाधि-स्थ (प्रातिपदिक; स्थ = √स्था धातु-निष्पन्न)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (adjective) दिवाकरस्य
वडवारूपधारिणीम्(her) who bears the form of a mare
वडवारूपधारिणीम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootवडवा-रूप-धारिणी (प्रातिपदिक; धारिणी = √धृ धातोः कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; कर्मपदम्
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; ‘चरन्तीम्’ इत्यस्य उपपद-सम्बन्धः (object of practice)
चरन्तीम्practising (doing)
चरन्तीम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (Object-qualifier)
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (√चर् धातु) + शतृ (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकालिक-कर्तरि शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘वडवारूपधारिणीम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
ददृशेsaw
ददृशे:
क्रिया (Action)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (√दृश् धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्
उत्तरेषुin the northern (regions)
उत्तरेषु:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (कुरुषु इत्यन्वयात्), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन; देश-निर्देशः
कुरुषुamong the Kurus (in Kurukṣetra region)
कुरुषु:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), बहुवचन; जनपद/देशवाचक
अथthen
अथ:
सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बोधक (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भसूचक (particle: then/now)
Speakers
Narrative voice
Primary Deities
Sūrya (Divākara)Saṃjñā (in mare-form)
Key ThemesTapasSamādhiTransformation/disguiseMythic geography (Uttara-Kuru)
FAQs
Austerity is portrayed as a means to seek a more harmonious relationship with overwhelming power; self-discipline becomes a corrective response to suffering.
Manvantara/vaṃśa narrative with digressions into deśa (mythic geography): Uttara-Kuru situates the episode within Purāṇic cosmography.
Mare-form suggests instinctual vitality harnessed for tapas; samādhi of the Sun implies that illumination ‘perceives’ the hidden ascetic effort within the psyche.