Shloka 29

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

पितुः पत्नीममर्यादं यन्मां तर्जयसे पदाः ।

भुवि तस्मादयं पादस्तवाद्यैव पतिष्यति ॥

Transliteration

pituḥ patnīm amaryādaṃ yan māṃ tarjayase padāḥ /

bhuvi tasmād ayaṃ pādas tavādyaiva patiṣyati

Translation

「礼を失して、父の妻であるこの私を足で脅したゆえに、その足はまさに今日、地に落ちるであろう。」

Word by Word

• पितुः: of (my/your) father
• पितुः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/षष्ठी), एकवचन

• पत्नीम्: (his) wife
• पत्नीम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• अमर्यादम्: improper, beyond propriety
• अमर्यादम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमर्याद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• यत्: since/that (which)
• यत्: हेतु/निमित्त (Reason/relative link)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• माम्: me
• माम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• तर्जयसे: you threaten
• तर्जयसे: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तर्ज् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present/लट्), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• पदाः: with (harsh) words
• पदाः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन

• भुवि: on the earth
• भुवि: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन

• तस्मात्: therefore
• तस्मात्: हेतु (Cause/Reason)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (particle); अपादानार्थे (expressing cause/therefore)

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• पादः: foot
• पादः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• तव: your
• तव: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: मध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/षष्ठी), एकवचन

• अद्य: today
• अद्य: कालाधिकरण (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• एव: indeed, surely
• एव: सम्बन्ध/निपात (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• पतिष्यति: will fall
• पतिष्यति: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future/लृट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Speakers

• Chāyā (as Saṃjñā) speaking to Yama

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "dharma (didactic)", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Chāyā
• Yama

Key Themes

• Respect to elders
• Limits of righteous anger
• Śāpa as moral sanction

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even when confronting wrongdoing, one must preserve maryādā (proper conduct). Threatening violence against a parent/guardian figure is treated as a grave breach, generating immediate retributive consequence.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita: a pivotal incident shaping the later course of a lineage figure (Yama).

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘foot’ symbolizes agency and the path one takes; a ‘fallen foot’ signifies impeded movement—karma obstructing the doer at the very instrument of action.