Shloka 18

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

त्वान्तु मे पश्यतो वत्से दिनानि सुबहून्यपि ।

मुहूर्तार्धसमानि स्युः किन्तु धर्मो विलुप्यते ॥

Transliteration

tvāntu me paśyato vatse dināni subahūny api / muhūrtārdhasamāni syuḥ kintu dharmo vilupyate

Translation

「しかし、わが子よ、たとえ幾日もお前を見ていても、それらは半瞬のように過ぎ去る。けれども、もしここに不相応に留まるなら、ダルマ（法）は損なわれる。」

Word by Word

• त्वाम्: you
• त्वाम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषण-अव्यय (particle)

• मे: for me / my
• मे: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Gen./Dat. 6th/4th), एकवचन (Singular); अत्र षष्ठी (Genitive)

• पश्यतः: while (I am) seeing
• पश्यतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; genitive absolute-like: ‘while I am seeing’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular); ‘मे’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• वत्से: O dear child
• वत्से: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• दिनानि: days
• दिनानि: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• सुबहूनि: very many
• सुबहूनि: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुबहु (प्रातिपदिक; सु + बहु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषणम् (qualifying दिनानि)

• अपि: even
• अपि: Avyaya (अव्यय/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अतिशय-अव्यय (particle: even/also)

• मुहूर्तार्धसमानि: equal to half a muhūrta
• मुहूर्तार्धसमानि: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मुहूर्तार्धसमान (प्रातिपदिक; मुहूर्त + अर्ध + समान)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषणम् (qualifying दिनानि)

• स्युः: would be
• स्युः: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्-लकार (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद

• किन्तु: but
• किन्तु: Virodha (विरोध/Contrast)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किन्तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोधार्थक-अव्यय (adversative conjunction)

• धर्मः: dharma (righteous order)
• धर्मः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• विलुप्यते: is destroyed/vanishes
• विलुप्यते: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + लुप् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोग (passive-like: ‘is destroyed/vanishes’)

Speakers

• Tvaṣṭṛ to his daughter (as narrated by Mārkaṇḍeya)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Tvaṣṭṛ/Viśvakarman
• Saṃjñā

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Attachment vs duty
• Social order
• Time perception in love

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Affection compresses time, but dharma is not suspended by emotion; personal longing must not override rightful obligations.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma instruction embedded in narrative; not a pancalakṣaṇa core category.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Dharma diminishing’ signals the cosmic principle of ṛta/order: when a being is out of its proper locus (svadharma), harmony erodes despite pleasant experience.