Shloka 10

Adhyaya 74 — King Svarashtra, the Deer-Queen’s Curse, and the Rise of Tamasa Manu

Sanskrit

ततोऽतिपूरेण नृपः स नद्याः प्रेरितस्तटम् ।

प्रार्थयन्नापि नावाप ह्रियमाणो महीपतिः ॥

Transliteration

tato ’tipūreṇa nṛpaḥ sa nadyāḥ preritastaṭam | prārthayannāpi nāvāpa hriyamāṇo mahīpatiḥ ||

Translation

そのとき、川の大洪水に押し流されて王は岸へと追い立てられた。いくら嘆願しても舟は見つからず、大地の主は水勢に運ばれていった。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then/from there
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable adverb); अर्थे—‘ततः/then, from there’

• ati-pūreṇa: by an excessive flood
• ati-pūreṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ati (अव्यय) + pūra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), एकवचन; ‘अतिपूरेण’ = by excessive flood

• nṛpaḥ: the king
• nṛpaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• nadyāḥ: of the river
• nadyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• preritaḥ: driven/impelled
• preritaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√i (धातु) + ita (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/PPP); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘प्रेरितः’ = having been driven/impelled

• taṭam: the bank (shore)
• taṭam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: taṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• prārthayan: begging
• prārthayan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√arth (धातु) + śatṛ (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (शतृ/वर्तमान कृदन्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘प्रार्थयन्’ = requesting/begging

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-अव्यय (particle: even/also)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)

• avāpa: obtained/reached
• avāpa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-√āp (धातु)
• Form: लुङ् (aorist), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• hriyamāṇaḥ: being carried away
• hriyamāṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √hṛ (धातु) + यमान (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (शानच्/वर्तमान कर्मणि/आत्मनेपद-भाव); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘ह्रियमाणः’ = being carried away

• mahīpatiḥ: lord of the earth (king)
• mahīpatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahī-pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (मह्याः पतिः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrator voice within Mārkaṇḍeya’s narration (context continues into v.19 where Mārkaṇḍeya is explicitly named as speaker)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhaya", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Peril and helplessness
• Nature’s overwhelming force
• Narrative transition to an encounter

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Royal power and worldly status do not protect one from the force of prakṛti; crisis exposes dependence and the need for discernment and restraint.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Not a direct Pancalakṣaṇa unit (sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita); it belongs to vaṃśānucarita-style narrative/episode (historico-ethical storytelling).

What is the esoteric significance?

The flood can symbolize the overpowering surge of saṃsāra and emotion; the ‘no boat’ motif points to the absence of a stabilizing upāya (discipline/knowledge) at the moment of upheaval.