Shloka 10

Adhyaya 70 — The King Confronts the Rakshasa and Restores the Brahmin’s Wife

Sanskrit

मार्कण्डेय उवाच प्रविवेश ततः सोऽथ तया वर्त्मनि दर्शिते ।

ददृशे परिवारॆण समवेतञ्च राक्षसम् ॥

Transliteration

mārkaṇḍeya uvāca praviveśa tataḥ so ’tha tayā vartmani darśite | dadṛśe parivāreṇa samavetañ ca rākṣasam ||

Translation

マールカンデーヤは語った。「それから彼は、彼女に道を示されて中へ入り、従者たちと共に集まっている羅刹を見た。」

Word by Word

• मार्कण्डेयः: Markandeya
• मार्कण्डेयः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्कण्डेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc), प्रथमा (nominative), एकवचन (singular)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु √वच्)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• प्रविवेश: entered
• प्रविवेश: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-विश् (धातु √विश्)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय/तद्-तसिल्)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रम/अनन्तर (then/thereupon)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अथ: then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनन्तरार्थक (then/now)

• तया: by her
• तया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (fem), तृतीया (instrumental), एकवचन (singular)

• वर्त्मनि: on the path
• वर्त्मनि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्त्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), सप्तमी (locative), एकवचन (singular)

• दर्शिते: when (it was) shown
• दर्शिते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु √दृश्)
• Form: कृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), सप्तमी (locative), एकवचन (singular); सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)

• ददृशे: saw
• ददृशे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु √दृश्)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular); आत्मनेपद

• परिवारेण: with an entourage
• परिवारेण: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिवार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), तृतीया (instrumental), एकवचन (singular)

• समवेतम्: assembled
• समवेतम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-इ (धातु √इ)
• Form: कृदन्त; भूतकृदन्त (past participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन (singular); विशेषण

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• राक्षसम्: the rakshasa (demon)
• राक्षसम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc), द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन (singular)

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya as narrator

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Narrative progression
• Approach to confrontation
• Witnessing wrongdoing
• Royal action

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is enacted through deliberate approach: the king proceeds with guidance, confirming facts directly. The verse models prudent action—neither rash nor passive.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ākhyāna; a narrative link rather than cosmology/genealogy.

What is the esoteric significance?

The retinue indicates that adharma is rarely solitary; it is sustained by supporting tendencies (habits, accomplices). Confrontation therefore targets both the center and its enabling circle.