Shloka 9
Adhyaya 56 — The Descent and Fourfold Course of the Ganga; Jambudvipa’s Varshas and Their Conditions
Sanskrit
आसाद्य शैलराजानं रम्यं हि शिखरन्तथा ।
तस्माच्च पर्वतान् सर्वान् दक्षिणोपक्रमोदितान् ॥
Transliteration
āsādya śailarājānaṃ ramyaṃ hi śikharantathā /
tasmācca parvatān sarvān dakṣiṇopakramoditān
Translation
山々の王とその麗しき峰に至ると、彼女はそこから、南方の次第に起こると説かれるあらゆる山々の上を越えて進んだ。
Word by Word
आसाद्यhaving reached
आसाद्य:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√सद् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund): ‘having reached/approached’
शैल-राजानम्the king of mountains
शैल-राजानम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootशैल (प्रातिपदिक) + राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: ‘शैलानां राजा’); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
रम्यम्beautiful
रम्यम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootरम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (शैलराजानम्)
हिindeed/for
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), कारण/अवधारणार्थ
शिखरम्peak/summit
शिखरम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootशिखर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverb): ‘also/likewise’
तस्मात्from that (place)
तस्मात्:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; connective)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
पर्वतान्mountains
पर्वतान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; विशेषण (पर्वतान्)
दक्षिण-उपक्रम-उदितान्arising/occurring in the southern course
दक्षिण-उपक्रम-उदितान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिण (प्रातिपदिक) + उपक्रम (प्रातिपदिक) + उदित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √उद् + क्त)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (सम्बन्ध/विशेषण: ‘दक्षिणोपक्रमे उदिताः’ = ‘arising/mentioned in the southern progression’); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; विशेषण (पर्वतान्)
Speakers
Mārkaṇḍeya (continuing narration)
Primary Deities
Gaṅgā
Shakti AspectsGaṅgā as the traversing sacred current through mountain systems
Key ThemesSacred GeographyMountain cosmologyPilgrimage-mapping style catalog
FAQs
The sacred is portrayed as structured and traversable: spiritual geography is ordered (krama), encouraging a worldview where cosmos and dharma are intelligible rather than chaotic.
Sthāna: enumeration/ordering of mountains and routes.
The ‘southern progression’ can symbolize descent into denser experience; the river’s continued purity implies that sanctity can persist through all gradations of manifestation.