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Shloka 12

Adhyaya 54 — Cosmography of Jambudvipa: Continents, Oceans, Varshas, and Mount Meru

Sanskrit

समुद्रान्तः प्रविष्टाश्च षडस्मिन् वर्षपर्वताः ।

दक्षिणोत्तरतो निम्ना मध्ये तुङ्गायता क्षितिः ॥

Transliteration

samudrāntaḥ praviṣṭāś ca ṣaḍ asmin varṣa-parvatāḥ | dakṣiṇottarato nimnā madhye tuṅgāyatā kṣitiḥ ||

Translation

これらのヴァルシャ（varṣa）の山々のうち六つは海へと延び入る。大地は南と北に向かって低くなり、中央では高く隆起して高所に広がる。

Word by Word
samudra-antaḥthe sea-shore / sea’s boundary
samudra-antaḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootsamudra (प्रातिपदिक) + anta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (समुद्रस्य अन्तः = sea’s end/shore)
praviṣṭāḥhaving entered
praviṣṭāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-viś (धातु)
Formकृदन्तः—भूतकृत्/क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; अर्थे ‘प्रविष्ट’ = entered
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम्; समुच्चयार्थक-निपातः
ṣaṭsix
ṣaṭ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootṣaṭ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसंख्याविशेषणम्; प्रथमा विभक्तिः, बहुवचनार्थे (used as numeral ‘six’)
asminin this
asmin:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे/नपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी विभक्तिः (Locative/7th), एकवचनम्; सर्वनाम
varṣa-parvatāḥthe region-mountains
varṣa-parvatāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + parvata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (‘वर्षाणां पर्वताः’ = mountains of the regions/varṣas)
dakṣiṇa-uttarataḥfrom south to north / on the southern and northern sides
dakṣiṇa-uttarataḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Directional)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + uttara (प्रातिपदिक) + -taḥ (तसिल्-प्रत्यय)
Formअव्ययम्; तसिलन्त-निर्देशः (ablatival adverb) ‘from the south and north / south-to-north direction’
nimnāḥlow, depressed
nimnāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootnimna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम्
madhyein the middle
madhye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootmadhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययप्रयोगः (locative adverbial) ‘in the middle’ (सप्तमी-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययीभूतम्)
tuṅga-āyatāhigh and extended
tuṅga-āyatā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roottuṅga (प्रातिपदिक) + āyata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम्; समासः—कर्मधारयः (‘तुङ्गा’ = high + ‘आयता’ = extended)
kṣitiḥthe earth/land
kṣitiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣiti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
Speakers
Unnamed Purāṇic narrator describing cosmic geography (frame-speakers not explicit in this excerpt)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
CosmologySacred GeographyTopographyMountains and Oceans

FAQs

The ‘middle rising’ motif supports a centripetal sacred geography: the central region is elevated, suggesting an orientation toward the ‘center’ (spiritually, ethically) rather than extremes.

Under 'Sthāna'—describing the earth’s layout and features.

Low at the ends and high at the center can symbolize the inward ascent of consciousness: external dispersion is ‘low,’ while inner centering is ‘high.’

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