Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 109

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

पौत्रेभ्यस्तस्य संभूता लीकाः शतसहस्रशः ।

चण्डालयोनयश्चाष्टौ दण्डपाशातिभीषणाः ॥

Transliteration

pautrebhyas tasya saṃbhūtā līkāḥ śata-sahasraśaḥ / caṇḍāla-yonayaś cāṣṭau daṇḍa-pāśāti-bhīṣaṇāḥ

Translation

その孫たちからは幾十万もの虱が生じ、さらにチャンダーラ（caṇḍāla）の胎より生まれた八つの存在が現れた。彼らは杖と投げ縄を携え、きわめて恐るべきものであった。

Word by Word

• पौत्रेभ्यः: from (his) grandsons
• पौत्रेभ्यः: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine/Neuter), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• संभूताः: arisen/produced
• संभूताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-भू (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle, PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); ‘उत्पन्नाः’

• लीकाः: lice
• लीकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लीका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• शतसहस्रशः: by hundreds and thousands
• शतसहस्रशः: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: शत-सहस्र-शस् (अव्यय)
• Form: शस्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (distributive adverb); द्विगु-समास (numerical compound): शत + सहस्र (hundreds and thousands)

• चण्डालयोनयः: (those) of Caṇḍāla origin
• चण्डालयोनयः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चण्डाल-योनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); समासः—तत्पुरुष: चण्डालानां योनिः (of Caṇḍāla origin)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अष्टौ: eight
• अष्टौ: Visheshana (विशेषण/संख्या)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अष्टन् (संख्याशब्द-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine) / सामान्य-लिङ्ग (numeral), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• दण्डपाशातिभीषणाः: very terrifying with staffs and nooses
• दण्डपाशातिभीषणाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दण्ड-पाश-अति-भीषण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); समासः—तत्पुरुष: दण्डपाशैः अति भीषणाः (very terrifying with staffs and nooses)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Etiology (origin stories)
• Affliction beings and pests
• Social-cosmological classification language
• Fear as deterrent for negligence

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text uses genealogical causation to map disorder: negligence begets affliction, which proliferates into social and bodily harms (pests, frightening enforcers). It functions as a cautionary cosmology.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Closest to a micro-vaṃśa (genealogical) motif, but not a royal lineage; overall it remains ancillary dharma/etiological material rather than formal Vaṃśa/Vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Lice symbolize subtle, multiplying impurities; ‘staff and noose’ symbolize coercive consequences (karma’s restraint) that arise when order is not maintained.