Shloka 44

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

ततस्त्यक्त्वा भयं सर्वं जित्वा तं कालमात्मवान् ।

तत्रैवावसथे स्थित्वा यत्र वा स्थैर्यमात्मनः ॥

Transliteration

tatas tyaktvā bhayaṃ sarvaṃ jitvā taṃ kālam ātmavān / tatraivāvasathe sthitvā yatra vā sthairyam ātmanaḥ

Translation

次に、あらゆる恐れを捨て、その時を克服したなら、自己を制する者はまさにその住処にとどまるべきである――あるいは、自己の安定が得られるいかなる場所においても。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then/thereafter
• tataḥ: Kāla/Hetu (काल/हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: तस्मात्/ततः इति अपादानार्थक-अव्यय (then/from that)

• tyaktvā: having abandoned
• tyaktvā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tyaj (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• bhayam: fear
• bhayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• sarvam: all/entire
• sarvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (to bhayam)

• jitvā: having conquered
• jitvā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ji (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• tam: that
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (to kālam)

• kālam: time/period
• kālam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• ātmavān: self-possessed/steadfast one
• ātmavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक) + matup (मत्वर्थ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: मत्वर्थ-प्रत्ययान्त (possessive); पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: स्थानवाचक-अव्यय

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय

• avasathe: in the dwelling/abode
• avasathe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: avasatha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• sthitvā: having stayed/standing
• sthitvā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sthā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: स्थानवाचक-अव्यय

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय

• sthairyam: steadiness
• sthairyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sthairya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ātmanaḥ: of oneself
• ātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; षष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन

Speakers

• Instructional voice addressing King Alarka (ālarka)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Fearlessness
• Steadiness (sthairya)
• Conquest of time through yoga
• Inner composure

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

External circumstances are secondary; what matters is inner steadiness. The yogin ‘conquers time’ by refusing to be driven by fear and by staying established in practice.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

A mokṣa/ācāra teaching segment, not genealogical or cosmological pancalakṣaṇa content.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Dwelling’ can be read as the heart-center (hṛdaya) where attention abides; stability there is portrayed as victory over the psychological tyranny of time.