Shloka 15

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

ऋक्षवानरयानस्थो गायन् यो दक्षिणां दिशम् ।

स्वप्ने प्रयाति तस्यापि न मृत्युः कालमिच्छति ॥

Transliteration

ṛkṣavānarayānastho gāyan yo dakṣiṇāṃ diśam / svapne prayāti tasyāpi na mṛtyuḥ kālamicchati

Translation

もし夢の中で、熊または猿を乗り物として南方へ向かい、歌っているなら、その者にも死は遅れず（定めの時に必ず）訪れる。

Word by Word

• ऋक्षवानरयानस्थः: seated/standing in a vehicle of bears and monkeys
• ऋक्षवानरयानस्थः: विशेषण (Adjectival to subject ‘यः’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋक्ष + वानर + यान + स्थ (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष (locative determinative: ‘standing/being in a vehicle of bears and monkeys’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• गायन्: singing
• गायन्: कर्ता (Karta; participle qualifying subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गै (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थ: ‘singing’

• यः: who
• यः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• दक्षिणाम्: southern
• दक्षिणाम्: विशेषण (to ‘दिशम्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दक्षिणा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• दिशम्: direction
• दिशम्: कर्म (Karma/Object of implied motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• स्वप्ने: in a dream
• स्वप्ने: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वप्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन

• प्रयाति: goes forth, proceeds
• प्रयाति: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + या (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; उपसर्ग: प्र-

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: सम्बन्ध (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle: also/even)

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation)

• मृत्युः: death
• मृत्युः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• कालम्: time (appointed time)
• कालम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• इच्छति: desires, seeks
• इच्छति: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Speakers

• Dialogue-context unspecified in given excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dream-omens
• South (Yama’s direction)
• Departure imagery

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dreams are treated as mirrors of subtle momentum; such a dream warns one not to be careless—use remaining time for dharma, reconciliation, and inner composure.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary (not Pancalakṣaṇa). It is part of the Purāṇa’s didactic apparatus for ethical and spiritual preparedness.

What is the esoteric significance?

A ‘vehicle’ in dream symbolizes the mind’s carrying-current; moving south signifies gravitation toward the realm of cessation. Singing can imply heedlessness or trance-like surrender—life moving toward its appointed end.